tyrone essay plan 2 Flashcards
To what extent was the severity of the threat to the authority of the Crown in Ireland due to the actions of the rebels in the years 1594-1603? (OVERALL SIMPLIFIED QUESTION STRUCTURE)
INTRO
overall arguement: The rebels action was significant but was facilitated by the english failures. The threat posed by spain was high but in execution it wasn’t.
PARA 1- ACTIONS OF REBELS
-military strength of hugh o’neill (army and weapons)
-military strength by 1596
-other irish chieftons joined due to tyrone’s strategic success
-used geurilla tactics
-strategy at battle of contribet
-strategy at batte of yellow ford
-startegy at curlew pass
PARA 2- ENGLISH STATEGIC AND MILITARY FAILURES
-irish desertion of army
-failings of arriving troops after defeat at blackwater
-failure of burgh’s blackwater fort
-distracted by spain
-elizabeth’s hesitation at blackfort and after burghs death
-Unprepared and underestimated strength of the rebels, leading to poor strategy in vomparison to tyrone military strategy
PARA 3- ACTIONS OF SPAIN
-theoretical threat
-actual threat
To what extent was the severity of the threat to the authority of the Crown in Ireland due to the actions of the rebels in the years 1594-1603? ACTIONS OF THE REBELS PARAGRAPH PLAN
INITIAL MILITARY STRENGTH (ARMY AND REBELS
army:
-tyrone’s army was large, well trained and well-equipped
- had 1,000 cavalry, 4,000 musket men, 1,000 pike men
-tyrone cavalry better trained than English horsemen
-he used english and spanish captains to train his men
weapons:
- tyrone’s troops used modern weapons (muskets and pikes) instead of traditional weapons
-he had acess to imported weapons and ammunition
MILITARY STRENGTH BY 1596
by 1596 irish rebels had 6,000 foot soldiers, 1200 cavalry
VS english forces who had: 5,732 foot soldiers and 617 cavalry
GOT OTHER CHIEFTONS TO JOIN
BATTLE OF CONTRIBET
-When English commander sir henry bagenal marched to Monaghan: IRISH used well trained musket men hidden on both sides of the road, forced english to slow down and they became vunerable
(killed 31 and wounded 109 English). proved irish could outfight the british
BATTLE OF YELLOW FORD
Battle of yellow ford
1598- tyrone’s forces ambushed and attacked from both sides as the english crossed yellow ford, using musket fire from hidden positions (as a result: 830 english soldiers dead, 400 wounded, english suppies lost, only 2,000 made it back to Armagh)
-killed burgh
BATTLE OF CURLEW PASS
the rebels used the mountainous terrain to attack english troops, after defeat of the english, o’connor had to suurerend to rebels
To what extent was the severity of the threat to the authority of the Crown in Ireland due to the actions of the rebels in the years 1594-1603? ENGLISH STRATEGIC AND MILITARY FAILURES PARAGRAPH PLAN
IRISH DESERTION OF MILITARY
TROOPS NOT ARRIVING AFTER BLACKWATER
–after rebels attacked blackwater, lord deputy russel requested reinforcements from London BUT only 1610 of the 2000 troops promised arrived and they were in poor condition
FAILURE OF BURGH’S BLACKWATER FORT
– the english retook blackwater, burgh built a blackwater fort to protect the english garrison and serve as a base for future attacks on tyrone. HOWEVER it could only hold 150 men
DISTRACTED BY SPAIN
-in 1597, egland began to become distracted by spain and they ended up having to divert key military commanders like sir thomas norris to munster
ELIZABETH HESITATION AT BLACKWATER FORT
-didnt want to abandon it
-wanted to divide rebels through negotiations instead
-delayed action
ELIZABETH HESITATION AFTER BURGH’S DEATH
-another delay :hesitated in appointing a new lord deputy after burghs death, leaving military leadership uncertain
ESSEX PRIVATE TRUCE
-after defeat at curlew pass essex negotiated a private truce which allowed rebels to keep all lands and fortresses they held, this significantly weakened british control of ireland
UNAWARENESS LED TO DEFEAT BECAUSE UNDERESTIMATED IRISH GUIRILLA TACTICS
To what extent was the severity of the threat to the authority of the Crown in Ireland due to the actions of the rebels in the years 1594-1603? ACTIONS OF SPAIN PARAGRAPH PLAN
THEORETICAL THREAT
-potential of Spanish threat was high: they had advanced wepons and ammunition and many soldiers and fleets
-england and spain were already at war (since 1585). England had helped dutch protestants rebel against spain and attacked Spanish ports like cadiz
-philip II consequentially had his own motives, he wanted to destabilise English war efforts
-religious motives to help: philip ii saw it as his duty to protect fellow catholics
ACTUAL THREAT
-when Philip ii sent a second armarda (100 ships) to ireland (a seperate fleet to attack england), -it failed because there were strong winds and 32 ships were lost (debilitated the threat of spain)
-when Philip iii came into power, he struggled to send troops due to the ongoing wars with dutch rebels in England (delay- diminished threat) and when he did manage to finally send troops in 1601 storms separated some ships carrying vital supplies (only 3,400 of the 6,000 requested troops landed in kinsdale)
how large was tyrone’s army initially and how was it better than englands training
had 1,000 cavalry, 4,000 musket men, 1,000 pike men
tyrone cavalry better trained than English horsemen
tyrone’s access to weapons
- tyrone’s troops used modern weapons (muskets and pikes) instead of traditional weapons
-he had acess to imported weapons and ammunition
tyrones army by 1596
-by 1596 irish rebels had 6,000 foot soldiers, 1200 cavalry
VS english forces who had: 5,732 foot soldiers and 617 cavalry
irish strength in the battle of clontibret
-1595
-When English commander sir henry bagenal marched to Monaghan after capture of enniskillen and beseigement of monaghan castle : IRISH used well trained musket men hidden on both sides of the road, forced english to slow down and they became vunerable
(killed 31 and wounded 109 English). proved irish could outfight the british
irish strength in battle of yellow ford
1598- tyrone’s forces ambushed and attacked from both sides as the english crossed yellow ford, using musket fire from hidden positions (as a result: 830 english soldiers dead, 400 wounded, english suppies lost, only 2,000 made it back to Armagh)
-killed burgh
irish strength in battle of curlew pass
1599
the rebels used the mountainous terrain to attack english troops, after defeat of the english, o’connor had to suurerend to rebels
since when had england and spain been at war when o’donnell wrote to philip ii asking for support
(since 1585)
why did Philip ii’s second armarda to britain fail
-when Philip ii sent a second armarda (100 ships) to ireland (a seperate fleet to attack england), -it failed because there were strong winds and 32 ships were lost (debilitated the threat of spain)
how was spanish help delayed when philip iii came into power AND what happened when he did manage to send troops
-when Philip iii came into power, he struggled to send troops due to the ongoing wars with dutch rebels in England (delay- diminished threat) and when he did manage to finally send troops in 1601 storms separated some ships carrying vital supplies (only 3,400 of the 6,000 requested troops landed in kinsdale)
who ordered troops after the defeat at blackwater and how many came
after rebels attacked blackwater, lord deputy russel requested reinforcements from London BUT only 1610 of the 2000 troops promised arrived and they were in poor condition
who built the blackwater fort and how did it fail
- the english retook blackwater, burgh built a blackwater fort to protect the english garrison and serve as a base for future attacks on tyrone. HOWEVER it could only hold 150 men
who did england send to ireland to deal with the situation
-in 1597, egland began to become distracted by spain and they ended up having to divert key military commanders like sir thomas norris to munster
-lead to defeat of yellow ford
-he died in yellow ford battle
what was elizabeths hesitation around blackwater fort
-didnt want to abandon it
-wanted to divide rebels through negotiations instead
-delayed action
how did elizabeth hesitate after burgh’s death
-another delay :hesitated in appointing a new lord deputy after burghs death, leaving military leadership uncertain
what was the essex private truce
-after defeat at curlew pass essex negotiated a private truce which allowed rebels to keep all lands and fortresses they held, this significantly weakened british control of ireland
