tyrone essay plan 1 Flashcards
How significant were the grievances of Hugh O’Neill, Earl of Tyrone in bringing about rebellion in Ireland from 1594? (WHOLE SIMPLIFIED ESSAY PLAN)
PARA 1- GRIEVANCES OF HUGH ONEILL
-familial grievances
-marriage
-Other nobility he knew grievences:
-O’neills help went unrecognised after maguire attack
-Sir William russel meeting didn’t answer in his demands
-Wanted to maintain irish tradition
PARA 2- - BROADER SOCIAL AND POLITICAL CONTEXT OF ENGLISH POLICIES
-Cultural repression
-Economic repression
-Political repression
PARA3 - RELIGIOUS CAUSES
-henry break from rome
-elizabethan rule
-Reaching out to spain for support supports the fact that there were religious motivations
How significant were the grievances of Hugh O’Neill, Earl of Tyrone in bringing about rebellion in Ireland from 1594? (GREIVANCES OF HUGH O’NEILL PARAGRAPH PLAN)
PARA 1- GRIEVANCES OF HUGH O’NEILL
-FAMILIAL GRIEVANCES
family members killed: 1570’s when england started trying to take ulster plantations the o’neills and o’donnells united. The english as a result massacred 200 o’neills in a feast in 1574, and 500 o’donelles
-execution of hugh roe mchanon: when English executed hugh roe Mcahohn, chief of mcahohn clan, they took his lands in ulster and gave them to English settlers like sir henry Baghall. he Machahons were traditionally tenants of the o’neills, but these lands were not returned to the o’neill clan (despite this being an irish tradition)
-MARRIAGE:
-marriage to bagenal’s cousin: o’neill initially tried to neutralise by marrying english nobility.However, his marriage to Mabel Bagenal (sister of english official Sir Henry Bagenal) was opposed by henry so they had to elope, gave him personal animosity against the british
-OTHER NOBILITY HE KNEW GRIEVANCES:
-imprisonment of hugh roe macdonell: english kidnapped and imprisoned Hugh Roe O’donnell in 1591 to force his farthers obedience, created resentment.
-plots against English: after o’donnells escape, Ulster lords like Lord Hugh McGuire began to plot against the british. It became hard for tyrone to become neutral as both theseb lords were married to his daughters
ONEILLS HELP WENT UNRECOGNISED AFTER MACGUIRE ATTACK
-when maguire launched an attack on english officials in sligo 1593, and after he attacked the english Garrison base, tyrone helped Sir henry Bagnanal capture him (despite not previously cooperating with the English on this matter). HOWEVER tyrone felt his help went unrecognised by the british as he wanted overall control of ulster in return for his help
DEMANDS NOT MET AFTER MEETING WITH SIR WILLIAM RUSSELL
-met with sir William russel in 1594 and promised to restore peace in ulster and cooperate with the english government in return anted full control of ulster. However, the English still distrusted him and did not give him control of ulster.
WANTED TO MAINTAIN IRISH TRADITION
-his irish identity and cathoic faith were stronger than his ties ton england
-was catholic and increased english protestant settlers caused tension
-wanted to maintain irish tradition like gaelic independence
How significant were the grievances of Hugh O’Neill, Earl of Tyrone in bringing about rebellion in Ireland from 1594? (BROADER SOCIAL AND POLITICAL CONTEXT OF ENGLISH POLICIES PARAGRAPH PLAN)
CULTRAL REPRESSION
- Didnt like irish customs: english officials in dublin viewed irish customs (like transitory-where male clan members compete for leadership- and private armies) as lawless.
-thought ireland needed to be anglicized to maintain control
ECONOMIC REPRESSION
-plantation: Mary I introduced plantation (in order to extend English control of Ireland)- english settlers were encouraged to move to areas just outside the pale, displacing irish landowners
POLITICAL REPRESSION
-elizabeth created regional councils:elizabeth feared threats from catholic Ireland as the first protestant queen, so to increase control she : -created regional councils in CONNAUGHT (1569) and MUNSTER (1571), modelled on english councils. AND divided traditional irish regions into english style counties with sheriffs
-this direct intervention proves to have sparked unrest as it lead to unsuccessful rebellion in Munster 1569 and 1571 (those rebellions were brutally crushed, with rebels being rebels were executed and their lands were given to english settlers to encourage plantation, HOWEVER shows growing irish discontent) BRUTALITY OF REPRESSION ALSO CAUSED DISSATISFACTION.
-kept appoiting english officials: failed to integrate irish nobility into the English system, appointmends to offers were increasingly dominanted by the english officials who had access to court patronage and used their position for personal gain (not just o’neill) e.g Earl of Ormond never appointed as lord deputy despite being elizabeth’s cousin)
How significant were the grievances of Hugh O’Neill, Earl of Tyrone in bringing about rebellion in Ireland from 1594? (RELIGIOUS CAUSES PARAGRAPH PLAN)
HENRY BREAK FROM ROME
-After henry’s break from rome Ireland remained catholic (caused anglo-irish tensions due to increasing fears that irish nobles might support a catholic crusade against protestant England)
ENGLISH SETTLERS DURING ELIZABETHAN RULE
-since Elizabeth encouraged plantation, Elizabethan settlers viewed the irish as uncivilised and wanted to impose Protestantism. As a result, the irish started to link protection of catholiscism with protection of their traditions
REACHING OUT FOR SUPPORT FROM SPAIN
-in 1593 O’donell contacted philip ii of spain, englands catholic enemy for support (The english was already engaged in a war with spain in the netherlands so it made threat of rebellion in ireland a more serious threat)
- For O’Neill, the alliance with Spain was both a military and religious alliance, as the Spanish were keen to support Catholic forces resisting Protestant domination. O’Neill’s connections with Spain helped to frame his rebellion as part of a larger Catholic struggle across Europe.
when did the o’neills and o’donells unite and what happened as a result
-united in 1570’s when english began to enroach onto ulster territory .
-as a result english killed 200 o’neills in 1574 and later 500 o’donelles
what of the o’neills tenants did the english execute and how was there unrest surrounding his lands
-when English executed hugh roe Mcahohn, chief of mcahohn clan,
-they took his lands in ulster and gave them to English settlers like sir henry Baghall
-he Machahons were traditionally tenants of the o’neills, but these lands were not returned to the o’neill clan (despite this being an irish tradition)
who did o’neill marry
Mabel Bagenal (sister of english official Sir Henry Bagenal)
which o’donell was imprisoned by the english and when
- english kidnapped and imprisoned Hugh Roe O’donnell in 1591 to force his farthers obedience, created resentment
after o’donells escape who did he plot against the english with
after o’donnells escape, Ulster lords like Lord Hugh McGuire began to plot against the british. It became hard for tyrone to become neutral as both theseb lords were married to his daughters
when and where did mcquire launch an attack
maguire launched an attack on english officials in sligo 1593
which new english lord deputy did tyrone meet with and when
-met with sir William russel in 1594
PROMISED TO:
restore peace in ulster and cooperate with the english government in return anted full control of ulster. However, the English still distrusted him and did not give him control of ulster.
o’neill religion
catholic
what was transitory
where male clan members compete for leadership
what did Mary 1st introduce
Mary I introduced plantation (in order to extend English control of Ireland)- english settlers were encouraged to move to areas just outside the pale, displacing irish landowners
what direct action did elizabeth take and when
to increase control she : -created regional councils in CONNAUGHT (1569) and MUNSTER (1571), modelled on english councils.
AND divided traditional irish regions into english style counties with sheriffs
what happened as a result ofelizabeth’s direct action
lead to unsuccessful rebellion in Munster 1569 and 1571 (those rebellions were brutally crushed, with rebels being rebels were executed and their lands were given to english settlers to encourage plantation, HOWEVER shows growing irish discontent)
who was elizabeth’s cousin not appointed to roles
g Earl of Ormond never appointed as lord deputy despite being elizabeth’s cousin)
who contacted philip of spain and when
-in 1593 O’donell contacted philip ii of spain, englands catholic enemy for support
