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Paediatric Interventions > Typical Development: Newborn - 15 Months > Flashcards

Typical Development: Newborn - 15 Months Flashcards

1
Q

How can typical development be analysed?

A
  • Across the domains of development within a particular time frame
  • By analysing development of a particular skill over time
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2
Q

What is required in order for typical development to occur?

A
  • Multiple systems develop typically at their own rate alongside each other
  • Spontaneous exploration of movement possibilities
  • Flexible selection of most appropriate movement synergies
  • Cognition for accomplishing goal directed actions
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3
Q

What have reflex-hierarchical theories been increasingly replaced by?

A

Theories acknowledging the complex interactions between developing systems, the environment & the importance of task oriented practice

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4
Q

Adaptive systems theory??

A

Insert card*******

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5
Q

What is development influenced by?

A

Cultural practices, parenting styles & environment

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6
Q

Why are gross motor delays emerging?

A
  • Children aren’t spending enough time prone

- SIDS campaign encourages sleeping on back, playing on tummy

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7
Q

What are the risk factors for SIDS?

A
  • Maternal smoking during pregnancy
  • Smoke environment
  • Baby younger than 11-14 weeks
  • Sleeping on stomach or side (start in supine, but don’t need to adjust if they roll onto tummy)
  • Overheating & co-sleeping
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8
Q

When is swaddling safe & when should it be discontinued?

A
  • Safe if child is placed fully on their back

- Should be discontinued when the child can roll onto their tummy

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9
Q

What is the APGAR used for?

A
  • Newborn index of wellbeing
  • Designed to compare obstetric practice, maternal pain relief & resuscitation techniques
  • Taken at 1, 5 & 10 mins
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10
Q

What does APGAR stand for?

A
  • Appearance (colour)
  • Pulse (HR)
  • Grimace (Reflex irritability)
  • Activity (muscle tone)
  • Respiration (RR)
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11
Q

What does the APGAR scoring represent?

A
  • Each item scored from 0-2 (2 = normal)
  • 8-10/10 = normal
  • 3-7 resuscitation (suction, O2)
  • 0-2 immediate resuscitation
  • HR & RR most important, resuscitation is commenced immediately if required, not after the 1 min score
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12
Q

Which is the least predictive element of APGAR?

A

Colour

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13
Q

What do APGAR scores predict?

A
  • At 1 min, not indicative of long term outcomes
  • At 5 mins, measure of success of resuscitation
  • At 10 mins, more predictive but needs to be considered with caution
  • Mostly used as an assessment indicator
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14
Q

What is the evidence regarding APGAR scoring and CP?

A
  • Evidence that large proportion of CP is not related to intrapartum asphyxia
  • In children later diagnosed with CP, 50% had APGARs of 7-10 at 1 min & 75% had scores of 7-10 at 5 mins
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15
Q

What are primitive reflexes?

A
  • Reflexes present in typical development during the newborn period
  • Foetus & neonates also demonstrate spontaneous movements
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16
Q

What are primitive reflexes & spontaneous movements essential for?

A
  • Survival of the foetus, preparation for postnatal function & development of the skeletal system
  • Persistence/absence reported in children with various neural pathologies
17
Q

What does the development of controlled movement run in parallel to?

A

Decrease in neurological reflexes

18
Q

What are the early feeding reflexes?

A
  • Sucking: Birth-3 months
  • Rooting/search reflex: 1-4 months
  • Later visual stimulus more important
19
Q

What is the asymmetrical tonic neck reflex?

A
  • Aka fencing reflex
  • Baby turns head to one side, arm & leg on that side extend, opposite arm & leg flex
  • 1 week - 4 months
20
Q

What is the Tonic Labyrinthine reflex?

A
  • Towards prone baby has tendency to flexion
  • Towards supine baby has tendency to extension (shoulder retract & hip abduct)
  • Test: Moving baby supine to sitting, feeling resistance to flexion at hips
21
Q

What is the moro reflex?

A
  • Reflex response to sudden loss of support & feeling of falling
  • Abduction of arms & opening of hands
  • Followed by adduction & flexion of fingers
  • 0-6 months
22
Q

What is the startle reflex?

A
  • Reflex response to sudden of threatening stimuli e.g. sudden noise
  • Flexion of the arms & legs
  • 7-12 months
23
Q

What are the primitive reflexes in the hands and feet?

A
  • Hands: Finger grasp
  • Feet: Foot grasp, toe curl
  • Occur in newborn period
24
Q

What is the Alberta Infant Motor Scale used for?

A
  • Assess gross motor skills in 0-18 month olds
  • Observes skills in prone, supine, sitting & standing
  • Predictor of atypical development at 8-12 months
25
Q

What is the neurosensory motor development assessment used for?

A
  • 0-6 year olds
  • Tests gross motor, fine motor, neurological, primitive reflexes, postural reactions/balance, sensation
  • Predictor of atypical development at 8-12 months

Paediatric Interventions (27 decks)

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