Typical Development Flashcards by Lauren Bainter

infancy ages

birth - 1 year

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neonatal ages

birth - 2 weeks

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infant ages

3 weeks - 12 months

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toddlerhood ages

13 months - 2 years (2 y, 11 m)

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early childhood ages

3-10 years

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preschool ages

3-5 years

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elementary school ages

5-10 years (10 y, 11 m)

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adolescence ages

11-18 years

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young adulthood

18-22 years

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adulthood
middle adulthood
late adulthood

adult 22-40
middle 40-65
late 65+

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what is AMA?

pregnancy where mother is older than 35

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Erikson’s stage for infancy

0-1 year
basic trust vs. mistrust
resolution - hope

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Erikson’s stage for early childhood

1-3 years
autonomy vs. shame and doubt
resolution - will

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Erikson’s stage for play age

3-6 years
initiative vs. guilt
resolution - purpose

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Erikson’s stage for school age

6-12 years
industry vs. inferiority
resolution - competence

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Erikson’s stage for adolescence

12-19 years
identity vs. confusion
resolution - fidelity

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Erikson’s stage for early adulthood

20-25 years
intimacy vs. isolation
resolution - love

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Erikson’s stage for adulthood

26-64 years
generativity vs. stagnation
resolution - care

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Erikson’s stage for old age

65-death
integrity vs. despair
resolution - wisdom

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what is a child’s main occupation?

play

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what has the greatest influence on the child’s development and functioning as an adult?

families

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ICF-CY recognizes development and disability as ____ processes

parallel

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ICF-CY: changes in functions, activities, and participation reflect the critical role of:

environment
child in context
development
behavioral regulation and organization
temperament, timing, and maturation

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what are the 4 elements of good evidence-based practice?

awareness
consultation
judgement
creativity

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what are the 3 components of an examination?

history systems review tests and measures

process where PT makes clinical judgements

evaluation

____ specifies the interventions to be used and the timing and frequency

POC

2 main aspects of the intervention

purposeful and skilled

outcomes should be measured in what 3 dimensions?

child and family characteristics program/intervention features goals and objectives

outcome measures must include _____ and ____ and consider _____

child AND family quality of life

first trimester weeks and growth

1-12 all major body systems established

second trimester weeks and growth

13-26 body proportions grow to newborn size

third trimester weeks and growth

27-40 body weight triples, length doubles body fat accumulates

when are lungs developed prenatally?

36 weeks

embryo time frame

1st 8 weeks

fetus time frame

8 weeks-birth

what is STORCH?

Syphilis Toxoplasmosis Other infections (HIV, coxsackie, Varicella-Zoster) Rubella CMV Herpes simplex virus

predictable sequence of development depend on

nervous system development genetics environment

direction of development

cephalic to caudal proximal to distal gross to fine motor

apgar score

delivered at 1 & 5 minutes (10 if needed) 5 sections, scored 0-2 total score = 10

5 sections of the Apgar

color HR reflexes muscle tone respiration

what is considered full term?

38-42 weeks

what is considered premature?

37 weeks or less

what is considered extreme premature?

28 weeks or less

presentation of newborn

head larger with short LEs kyphotic horizontal ribs

ROM differences in newborns

excessive DF 30 deg flexion contractures at hips & knees

newborns are dominated by

physiological flexion

issues for unintegrated TLR and ATNR

difficulty with motor skills such as running, cycling, throwing, or catching a ball

issues for unintegrated STNR, plantar grasp, palmar grasp, and Galant

poor posture, poor hand-eye coordination, and focusing difficulties

what cognitive issue can be associated with unintegrated primitive reflexes?

ADHD

flexor with drawl reflex appears: integrates: response:

appears: 28 wk gestation integrates: 1-2 months response: noxious stimulus to sole of foot results in flexion withdrawal of leg

crossed extension reflex appears: integrates: response:

appears: 28 wk gestation integrates: 1-2 months response: extension and adduction of opposite leg with noxious stimulus of sole of foot

positive support/primary standing reflex appears: integrates: response:

appears: 35 wk gestation integrates: 1-2 months response: leg extension and WB for 20-30 sec when held in supported standing

support & stepping/automatic walking reflex appears: integrates: response:

appears: 37 wk integrates: 3-4 months reappears at 10-15 months response: steps when inclined forward

rooting reflex appears: integrates: response:

appears: 28 wk gestation integrates: 3 months response: brush cheek in supine results in turning head to stimulus

sucking reflex appears: integrates: response:

appears: 28 wk gestation integrates: 3 months response: suck symmetrically and strong in supine with bottle or knuckler

suck-swallow reflex appears: integrates: response:

appears: 28 wk gestation integrates: 5 months response: rhythmic excursion of jaw

moro reflex appears: integrates: response:

appears: 28 wk gestation integrates: 3-5 months response: sudden position change of head results in out/in with UE

asymmetric tonic neck reflex (ATNR) appears: integrates: response:

appears: 20 wk gestation integrates: 4-5 months response: supine, head rotation elicits chin side arm to extend and opposite arm to flex

palmar grasp reflex appears: integrates: response:

appears: 28 wk gestation integrates: 4-7 months response: palmar stimulus --> grasp 2 phases: finger closure and clinging

integration of palmar grasp reflex indicates

cortical maturation and development of voluntary motor milestones

persistence of palmar grasp reflex past 7 months indicates what diagnosis

spastic CP

weak palmar grasp reflex before 6 months indicates

possible peripheral nerve injury (ex: BP)

palmar reflex in adulthood indicates

cortical lesion (ex: stroke) to medial or lateral frontal cortex

tonic labyrinth reflex (TLR) appears: integrates: response:

appears: birth; best seen at 3 months integrates: 6 months response: greater flexion tone in prone; greater extensor tone in supine

symmetric tonic neck reflex (STNR) appears: integrates: response:

appears: 4-6 months integrates: 8-12 months response: head flexion causes arms flex & hips extend; head extension causes arms extend & hips flex

what reflex preps for crawling?

STNR

plantar grasp reflex appears: integrates: response:

appears: 28 wk gestation integrates: 9 months response: pressure to sole of foot causes flexion of toes

Galant reflex appears: integrates: response:

appears: 28 wk gestation integrates: 9 months response: supported prone, stroke unilateral paraspinals results in lateral flex to stimulus