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Typical Development Flashcards

1
Q

infancy ages

A

birth - 1 year

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2
Q

neonatal ages

A

birth - 2 weeks

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3
Q

infant ages

A

3 weeks - 12 months

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4
Q

toddlerhood ages

A

13 months - 2 years (2 y, 11 m)

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5
Q

early childhood ages

A

3-10 years

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6
Q

preschool ages

A

3-5 years

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7
Q

elementary school ages

A

5-10 years (10 y, 11 m)

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8
Q

adolescence ages

A

11-18 years

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9
Q

young adulthood

A

18-22 years

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10
Q

adulthood
middle adulthood
late adulthood

A

adult 22-40
middle 40-65
late 65+

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11
Q

what is AMA?

A

pregnancy where mother is older than 35

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12
Q

Erikson’s stage for infancy

A

0-1 year
basic trust vs. mistrust
resolution - hope

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13
Q

Erikson’s stage for early childhood

A

1-3 years
autonomy vs. shame and doubt
resolution - will

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14
Q

Erikson’s stage for play age

A

3-6 years
initiative vs. guilt
resolution - purpose

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15
Q

Erikson’s stage for school age

A

6-12 years
industry vs. inferiority
resolution - competence

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16
Q

Erikson’s stage for adolescence

A

12-19 years
identity vs. confusion
resolution - fidelity

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17
Q

Erikson’s stage for early adulthood

A

20-25 years
intimacy vs. isolation
resolution - love

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18
Q

Erikson’s stage for adulthood

A

26-64 years
generativity vs. stagnation
resolution - care

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19
Q

Erikson’s stage for old age

A

65-death
integrity vs. despair
resolution - wisdom

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20
Q

what is a child’s main occupation?

A

play

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21
Q

what has the greatest influence on the child’s development and functioning as an adult?

A

families

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22
Q

ICF-CY recognizes development and disability as ____ processes

A

parallel

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23
Q

ICF-CY: changes in functions, activities, and participation reflect the critical role of:

A

environment
child in context
development
behavioral regulation and organization
temperament, timing, and maturation

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24
Q

what are the 4 elements of good evidence-based practice?

A

awareness
consultation
judgement
creativity

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25
Q

what are the 3 components of an examination?

A

history
systems review
tests and measures

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26
Q

process where PT makes clinical judgements

A

evaluation

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27
Q

____ specifies the interventions to be used and the timing and frequency

A

POC

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28
Q

2 main aspects of the intervention

A

purposeful and skilled

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29
Q

outcomes should be measured in what 3 dimensions?

A

child and family characteristics
program/intervention features
goals and objectives

30
Q

outcome measures must include _____ and ____ and consider _____

A

child AND family
quality of life

31
Q

first trimester weeks and growth

A

1-12
all major body systems established

32
Q

second trimester weeks and growth

A

13-26
body proportions grow to newborn size

33
Q

third trimester weeks and growth

A

27-40
body weight triples, length doubles
body fat accumulates

34
Q

when are lungs developed prenatally?

35
Q

embryo time frame

A

1st 8 weeks

36
Q

fetus time frame

A

8 weeks-birth

37
Q

what is STORCH?

A

Syphilis
Toxoplasmosis
Other infections (HIV, coxsackie, Varicella-Zoster)
Rubella
CMV
Herpes simplex virus

38
Q

predictable sequence of development depend on

A

nervous system development
genetics
environment

39
Q

direction of development

A

cephalic to caudal
proximal to distal
gross to fine motor

40
Q

apgar score

A

delivered at 1 & 5 minutes (10 if needed)
5 sections, scored 0-2
total score = 10

41
Q

5 sections of the Apgar

A

color
HR
reflexes
muscle tone
respiration

42
Q

what is considered full term?

A

38-42 weeks

43
Q

what is considered premature?

A

37 weeks or less

44
Q

what is considered extreme premature?

A

28 weeks or less

45
Q

presentation of newborn

A

head larger with short LEs
kyphotic
horizontal ribs

46
Q

ROM differences in newborns

A

excessive DF
30 deg flexion contractures at hips & knees

47
Q

newborns are dominated by

A

physiological flexion

48
Q

issues for unintegrated TLR and ATNR

A

difficulty with motor skills such as running, cycling, throwing, or catching a ball

49
Q

issues for unintegrated STNR, plantar grasp, palmar grasp, and Galant

A

poor posture, poor hand-eye coordination, and focusing difficulties

50
Q

what cognitive issue can be associated with unintegrated primitive reflexes?

51
Q

flexor with drawl reflex
appears:
integrates:
response:

A

appears: 28 wk gestation
integrates: 1-2 months
response: noxious stimulus to sole of foot results in flexion withdrawal of leg

52
Q

crossed extension reflex
appears:
integrates:
response:

A

appears: 28 wk gestation
integrates: 1-2 months
response: extension and adduction of opposite leg with noxious stimulus of sole of foot

53
Q

positive support/primary standing reflex
appears:
integrates:
response:

A

appears: 35 wk gestation
integrates: 1-2 months
response: leg extension and WB for 20-30 sec when held in supported standing

54
Q

support & stepping/automatic walking reflex
appears:
integrates:
response:

A

appears: 37 wk
integrates: 3-4 months
reappears at 10-15 months
response: steps when inclined forward

55
Q

rooting reflex
appears:
integrates:
response:

A

appears: 28 wk gestation
integrates: 3 months
response: brush cheek in supine results in turning head to stimulus

56
Q

sucking reflex
appears:
integrates:
response:

A

appears: 28 wk gestation
integrates: 3 months
response: suck symmetrically and strong in supine with bottle or knuckler

57
Q

suck-swallow reflex
appears:
integrates:
response:

A

appears: 28 wk gestation
integrates: 5 months
response: rhythmic excursion of jaw

58
Q

moro reflex
appears:
integrates:
response:

A

appears: 28 wk gestation
integrates: 3-5 months
response: sudden position change of head results in out/in with UE

59
Q

asymmetric tonic neck reflex (ATNR)
appears:
integrates:
response:

A

appears: 20 wk gestation
integrates: 4-5 months
response: supine, head rotation elicits chin side arm to extend and opposite arm to flex

60
Q

palmar grasp reflex
appears:
integrates:
response:

A

appears: 28 wk gestation
integrates: 4-7 months
response: palmar stimulus –> grasp
2 phases: finger closure and clinging

61
Q

integration of palmar grasp reflex indicates

A

cortical maturation and development of voluntary motor milestones

62
Q

persistence of palmar grasp reflex past 7 months indicates what diagnosis

A

spastic CP

63
Q

weak palmar grasp reflex before 6 months indicates

A

possible peripheral nerve injury (ex: BP)

64
Q

palmar reflex in adulthood indicates

A

cortical lesion (ex: stroke) to medial or lateral frontal cortex

65
Q

tonic labyrinth reflex (TLR)
appears:
integrates:
response:

A

appears: birth; best seen at 3 months
integrates: 6 months
response: greater flexion tone in prone; greater extensor tone in supine

66
Q

symmetric tonic neck reflex (STNR)
appears:
integrates:
response:

A

appears: 4-6 months
integrates: 8-12 months
response: head flexion causes arms flex & hips extend; head extension causes arms extend & hips flex

67
Q

what reflex preps for crawling?

68
Q

plantar grasp reflex
appears:
integrates:
response:

A

appears: 28 wk gestation
integrates: 9 months
response: pressure to sole of foot causes flexion of toes

69
Q

Galant reflex
appears:
integrates:
response:

A

appears: 28 wk gestation
integrates: 9 months
response: supported prone, stroke unilateral paraspinals results in lateral flex to stimulus

Peds (12 decks)

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