Neuromuscular System And POC

Question 1

What are the 3 components of intervention?

Answer 1

Communication & coordination
Instruction
Hands on/skilled intervention

Question 2

Theories of motor control provide a framework for ______ clinical practice

Answer 2

Hypothesis-oriented

Question 3

Reflex theory

Answer 3

Reflex is the basic unit of movement
Sensory (afferent) drives motor (efferent)

Question 4

Hierarchical theory

Answer 4

Motor control thru cerebrum to SC
Primitive reflexes suppressed by higher control

Question 5

Main neurofacilitation approaches (NDT, PNF, SI) originated from what theories

Answer 5

Reflex and hierarchical

Question 6

Motor programming theory

Answer 6

CPGs produce movement
Complex programs develop at cortex level from motor learning - used to simplify movement

Question 7

Systems theory

Answer 7

Movements emerged from interaction of many system.
Emphasize constraints of MSK and environment on movement.
Control shifts among systems.

Question 9

The ankle and hip strategies are a part of which theory?

Answer 9

Systems theory

Question 10

Dynamic systems theory

Answer 10

Self-organization between components make up the individual and environment.
VARIABILITY - essential component
Control parameters at play

Question 11

System at play? Child with CP can crawl reciprocally in quite environment but bunny hops when excited

Answer 11

Dynamic systems

Question 12

What is the triad of constraints in the dynamic systems theory?

Answer 12

Person
Environment
Task Force

Question 13

T/F: change at the movement level alone is sufficient for action

Answer 13

F

Question 14

Information-processing perspective

Answer 14

Cognitive systems and their role in motor learning

Question 15

T/F: information processing is essential to motor learning

Answer 15

T

Question 16

Stages of information processing

Answer 16

Stimulus ID
Response selection
Response programming

Question 17

What 2 elements are critical to information processing stages?

Answer 17

Memory
Attention

Question 18

Children with DCD may not effectively use _____ and depend on ____

Answer 18

Anticipatory control
Visual feedback

Question 19

What is a memory representation of a movement that can be retrieved when needed for a functional action?

Answer 19

Motor program

Question 20

Infants who play for a total of ___ minutes in prone per day and reduced negative effect of back sleeping

Answer 20

60

Question 21

What is the DF ROM goals for ITW?

Answer 21

10 deg

Question 22

Tendon lengthening for ITW disrupts what movement couple?

Answer 22

PF knee extension

Question 23

Risk factors for ITW

Answer 23

Autism
Sensory-integration disorder
Family hx - autosomal dominant

Question 24

Tone issue? Twisting, repetitive movements, atypical posture

Answer 24

Dystonia

Question 25

Tone issue? On-going random movements

Answer 25

Chorea

Question 26

Tone issue? Slow, continuous writhing

Answer 26

Athetosis

Question 27

Type of issue? Oscillatory involuntary movements

Answer 27

Tremor

Question 28

Type of issue? Gross lack of coordination

Answer 28

Ataxia

Question 29

Blocks: ____ muscle tone is strong and _____ components do not develop

Answer 29

Extensor Anti-gravity

Question 30

Children with blocks typically have _____ postural tone

Answer 30

Hypotonic

Question 31

Shoulder position with a neck hyper extension block?

Answer 31

Elevated (to stabilize head)

Question 32

Consequences of hyper extension neck block

Answer 32

Blocked scapula development UE and oral motor development blocked

Question 33

Which reflex is dominant with a head and neck asymmetrical block?

Answer 33

ATNR

Question 34

Consequences of head and neck asymmetry block

Answer 34

Blocks: B UE development & B ocular development Spine rotates in direction of head Emphasizes spinal extension Poor body awareness Possible scoliosis Hip subluxation

Question 35

Consequences of shoulder block

Answer 35

Lack of scapular rotation Lack of forearm WB UE development blocked Decreased WB on LE

Question 36

Type of block? Frog leg position in prone

Answer 36

Anterior tilt pelvic block

Question 37

What muscles are tight with anterior pelvic tilt block?

Answer 37

Lumbar extensors Hip flexors

Question 38

What is blocked with anterior pelvic tilt block?

Answer 38

Lateral WS Righting reactions Can’t dissociate LEs (immature quadruped)

Question 39

Type of block? Bunny hopping

Answer 39

Anterior and posterior pelvic tilt block

Question 40

How does a child with an anterior pelvic tilt block look in sitting?

Answer 40

Ring/tailor sittitng

Question 41

What muscles are tight with posterior pelvic tilt block?

Answer 41

Hip extensors

Question 42

How does a child with posterior pelvic tilt hip block look in sitting?

Answer 42

Inactive abdominals Tight hip extensors Sacral sitting Unable to WS W sitting Rounded spine

Question 43

Type of block? Scissoring gait

Answer 43

Posterior pelvic tilt hip block

Question 44

Why is control in side lying important?

Answer 44

Dissociation of flexors and extensors

Question 45

What is the basis for learning in the intact brain and relearning after brain damage?

Answer 45

Neural plasticity

Question 46

Principles of plasticity

Answer 46

Use it or lose it Use it and improve it Specificity Repetition Training intensity Time Salience Age Transference Interference

Question 47

Goal of impairment level interventions

Answer 47

Reduce risk of secondary impairments

Question 48

Emphasizes skillful handling by the therapist to reduce the effects of atypical tone and encourage the emergence of typical postural components as the basis for typical movement

Answer 48

NDT

Question 49

Fours Stages of Development of Motor Control according to sensorimotor approach

Answer 49

Reciprocal Innervation Co-contraction Stability superimposed on mobility Mobility superimposed on stability

Question 50

Sensory integration approach states that ___ drives _____

Answer 50

Afferents drive efferents

Question 51

System of education that aims to teach children to be active and self-reliant participant in the world; holistic approach; mentally prepare for an action

Answer 51

Conductive education (not a therapy approach)