Neuromuscular System And POC Flashcards
What are the 3 components of intervention?
Communication & coordination
Instruction
Hands on/skilled intervention
Theories of motor control provide a framework for ______ clinical practice
Hypothesis-oriented
Reflex theory
Reflex is the basic unit of movement
Sensory (afferent) drives motor (efferent)
Hierarchical theory
Motor control thru cerebrum to SC
Primitive reflexes suppressed by higher control
Main neurofacilitation approaches (NDT, PNF, SI) originated from what theories
Reflex and hierarchical
Motor programming theory
CPGs produce movement
Complex programs develop at cortex level from motor learning - used to simplify movement
Systems theory
Movements emerged from interaction of many system.
Emphasize constraints of MSK and environment on movement.
Control shifts among systems.
The ankle and hip strategies are a part of which theory?
Systems theory
Dynamic systems theory
Self-organization between components make up the individual and environment.
VARIABILITY - essential component
Control parameters at play
System at play? Child with CP can crawl reciprocally in quite environment but bunny hops when excited
Dynamic systems
What is the triad of constraints in the dynamic systems theory?
Person
Environment
Task Force
T/F: change at the movement level alone is sufficient for action
F
Information-processing perspective
Cognitive systems and their role in motor learning
T/F: information processing is essential to motor learning
T
Stages of information processing
Stimulus ID
Response selection
Response programming
What 2 elements are critical to information processing stages?
Memory
Attention
Children with DCD may not effectively use _____ and depend on ____
Anticipatory control
Visual feedback
What is a memory representation of a movement that can be retrieved when needed for a functional action?
Motor program
Infants who play for a total of ___ minutes in prone per day and reduced negative effect of back sleeping
60
What is the DF ROM goals for ITW?
10 deg
Tendon lengthening for ITW disrupts what movement couple?
PF knee extension
Risk factors for ITW
Autism
Sensory-integration disorder
Family hx - autosomal dominant
Tone issue? Twisting, repetitive movements, atypical posture
Dystonia
Tone issue? On-going random movements
Chorea
Tone issue? Slow, continuous writhing
Athetosis
Type of issue? Oscillatory involuntary movements
Tremor
Type of issue? Gross lack of coordination
Ataxia
Blocks: ____ muscle tone is strong and _____ components do not develop
Extensor
Anti-gravity
Children with blocks typically have _____ postural tone
Hypotonic
Shoulder position with a neck hyper extension block?
Elevated (to stabilize head)
Consequences of hyper extension neck block
Blocked scapula development
UE and oral motor development blocked
Which reflex is dominant with a head and neck asymmetrical block?
ATNR
Consequences of head and neck asymmetry block
Blocks: B UE development & B ocular development
Spine rotates in direction of head
Emphasizes spinal extension
Poor body awareness
Possible scoliosis
Hip subluxation
Consequences of shoulder block
Lack of scapular rotation
Lack of forearm WB
UE development blocked
Decreased WB on LE
Type of block? Frog leg position in prone
Anterior tilt pelvic block
What muscles are tight with anterior pelvic tilt block?
Lumbar extensors
Hip flexors
What is blocked with anterior pelvic tilt block?
Lateral WS
Righting reactions
Can’t dissociate LEs (immature quadruped)
Type of block? Bunny hopping
Anterior and posterior pelvic tilt block
How does a child with an anterior pelvic tilt block look in sitting?
Ring/tailor sittitng
What muscles are tight with posterior pelvic tilt block?
Hip extensors
How does a child with posterior pelvic tilt hip block look in sitting?
Inactive abdominals
Tight hip extensors
Sacral sitting
Unable to WS
W sitting
Rounded spine
Type of block? Scissoring gait
Posterior pelvic tilt hip block
Why is control in side lying important?
Dissociation of flexors and extensors
What is the basis for learning in the intact brain and relearning after brain damage?
Neural plasticity
Principles of plasticity
Use it or lose it
Use it and improve it
Specificity
Repetition
Training intensity
Time
Salience
Age
Transference
Interference
Goal of impairment level interventions
Reduce risk of secondary impairments
Emphasizes skillful handling by the therapist to
reduce the effects of atypical tone and encourage
the emergence of typical postural components as
the basis for typical movement
NDT
Fours Stages of Development of Motor
Control according to sensorimotor approach
Reciprocal Innervation
Co-contraction
Stability superimposed on mobility
Mobility superimposed on stability
Sensory integration approach states that ___ drives _____
Afferents drive efferents
System of education that aims to teach
children to be active and self-reliant
participant in the world; holistic approach; mentally prepare for an action
Conductive education (not a therapy approach)
