Typical and Atypical Processes Flashcards
What is SI consonsant cluster reduction and where does it typically occur
target SI clusters are reduced - may be SIWI or SIWW & SIWI
1) Plosive + approximant: plosive retained - queen as keen
2) fricative and approximant –> fricative only
3) /s/ + plosive –> plosive retained
4) /s/ + nasal –> nasal retained
5) /s/ + approximant –> either retained or feature synthesis
6) /s/ + plosive + approximant –> usually plosive only
if not done this way - may be uncommon CCR
Up to what age is SICCR common?
4;0
What is final consonant deletion? is it typical or atypical?
A SFWF consonant is ommited
Typical
When is final consonant deletion supressed?
3;3-3;6 although often much earlier
What is final consonant cluster reduction - typical or atypical?
A SFWF consonant cluster is reduced but not as far as 0 coda. Typical
What is consonant sequence reduction - across syllable boundary (CSR). Is it typical or atypical?
Where a singleton coda consonant abuts a singleton onset consonant of the following syllable, one consonant may be omitted (tractor –> trator)- an also apply across connected speech word boundaries
Typical
What is weak syllable deletion and is it typical?
an unstressed syllable occuring in the target pronunciation is omitted. Applies to words of 2+ syllables - may be common in adult forms too such as chocolate and family
Yes
When is weal syllable deletion commonly suppressed?
Typically suppressed by 3;6 -4;0, though may persist in some words
What is vocalisation and is it typical?
Syllabic consonant target realised as a vowel. Particularly applies to liquids (bottle) , though nasals are reported (but may be anaysed as vocalisations of FCD e.g. garden as garə
When is vocalisation typically suppressed?
can be a feature in some accents and late to be suppressed if not
What is vowel epenthesis? Is it typical?
A vowel (typically shwa or ɪ) inserted to break up a consonant cluster such as fly as fəlaɪ. Also commonly used in breaking up consonant sequences across syllable boundaries
When does vowel epenthesis typically suppress?
Can be up to 8 years old
What is reduplication and is it typical?
The realisation of an adult target pronunciation by a complete or partial repetition of an adult target syllable. If partial vowel target or target consonant is repeated such as lele for lemon.
Yes
When does reduplication resolve?
Very early - by 2;6: 3;0 maximum
What is coalescence of segments or syllables? is it typical?
2 neighbouring sounds are substituted for asingle different sound with similar features such as spoon as fun - can also occur with syllable-level units
Yes
What is stopping, what can be stopped and is it typical or atypical?
Typical, stopping of fricatives and affricates - realised as (often homorganic) plosives
When does stopping suppress?
Usually by 2;6-3;0 for early developing fricatives (f,v,s,z) later for later developing fricatives (th (~5;0, sh, zh),
- f,s, = 3;0
-v,z = 3;6
- ʃ, tʃ, dʒ = 4;6
- θð - 5;0
What is fronting, what can be fronted and is it typical or atypical?
Typical, fronting of velars, post/palatoalveolars (depalatization)
Target velars or palatoalveolars are realized at the alveolar place of articulation. Often appears with stopping
When is fronting typically suppressed by?
2;6-3;0 some reports say up to 3;6
What is gliding of liquids? Is it typical?
/l/ or/ɹ/ realisized as [j] or [w]
yes
When is gliding typically suppressed by?
2;6-5;0+
What is context-sensitive voicing and what are the subtypes - are these typical or atypical?
Typical
- Voiced-voiceless - all WI obstruents are voiced, all WF obstruents are devoiced eg bat and pad both as bat
- WI voicing
- Voicing WW
- Devoicing WF
Atypical
- WI devoicing
- WM prevocalic devoicing
- WF voicing
When are typical context sensitive voicing processes suppressed by?
typically suppressed by ~3;0
What is deaffrication and is it typical?
target affricates realised as fricatives
yes
When is deaffrication typically suppressed?
as affricates develop
What is assimilation/consonant harmony and is it typical?
all consonants in a word (usually in same-syllable) are harmonised to share phonetic characteristics (usually PoA less frequently MoA)
Often assimilation is seen in velar, alveolar and labial sounds
Can be progressive and or regressive
Yes
When is assimilation typically suppressed by?
3;9 but some suggest much earlier
Metathesis - is it typical and what is it?
The order of consonants is switched/transposed. helicopter as hekilopter
What is affrication of fricatives and is it typical?
Fricatives realised as homorganic affricates
