Cardinal vowels

Question 1

how many primary cardinal vowels are there?

Answer 1

8

Question 2

How many secondary cardinal vowels are there>

Answer 2

8

Question 3

What are the primary cardinal vowels (produce and write them)

Answer 3

i
e
ɛ
a
ɑ
ɔ
o
u

Question 4

Which of the primary vowels are spread?

Answer 4

the front ones:

i
e
ɛ
a

Question 5

Which of the primary vowels are rounded?

Answer 5

the back ones

ɑ - rounded lips
ɔ
o
u

Question 6

What are the secondary cardinal vowels?

Answer 6

y
ø
œ
ɶ
ɒ
ʌ
ɤ
ɯ

Question 7

Which of the secondary cardinal vowels are spread?

Answer 7

the back ones:

ɒ - spread lips
ʌ
ɤ
ɯ

Question 8

Which of the secondary cardinal vowels are rounded?

Answer 8

the front ones:

y
ø
œ
ɶ

Question 9

What is the i cardinal vowel most similar to?

Answer 9

The vowel in ‘heed’ in Standard British English

Question 10

What is the e cardinal vowel most similar to?

Answer 10

The vowel in ‘hay’ in Scottish English or ‘les’ in French
(almost diphthong ‘ei’ but not)

Question 11

What is the ɛ cardinal vowel most similar to?

Answer 11

the vowel in ‘head’ in Standard British English

Question 12

What is the cardinal vowel a most similar to?

Answer 12

The vowel in the french word ‘patte’
Almost like vowel in ‘cat’ but drop the tongue a bit lower (more open)

Question 13

what is the cardinal vowel ɒ most similar to?

Answer 13

english vowel in ‘bother’ - v similar to this! rounded lips

Question 14

What is the cardinal vowel ɔ most similar to?

Answer 14

The english vowel in ‘caught’ (slightly more rounded)

Question 15

What is the cardinal vowel ʌ most similar to?

Answer 15

the vietnamese vowel - [ʌŋ] - bit of a nothingy vowel - unlikely to get this one
remember spread lips!

Question 16

What is the cardinal vowel o most similar to?

Answer 16

the vowel in the french word ‘lot’ [lo], or the scottish ‘goat’ vowel

Question 17

What is the cardinal vowel u most similar to?

Answer 17

the vowel in the english word ‘school’ [skul]

Question 18

What is the cardinal vowel y most similar to?

Answer 18

french word ‘lu’ [ly]
remember rounded lips!

Question 19

What is the cardinal vowel ø most similar to?

Answer 19

french word ‘peu’ [pø]
remember rounded lips!

Question 20

What is the cardinal vowel œ most similar to?

Answer 20

french word ‘peur’ [pœʁ]
or
vowel in welsh english ‘nurse’
remember rounded lips!

Question 21

What is the cardinal vowel ɶ most similar to?

Answer 21

austrian - german word ‘seil’
remember rounded lips!

Question 22

What is the cardinal vowel ɤ most similar to?

Answer 22

Vietnamese [tɤ]
remember very spread lips!

Question 23

What is the cardinal vowel ɯ most similar to?

Answer 23

vietnamese [tɯ]
remember VERY spread lips!

Question 24

as you go around the vowel quadrilateral, explain what happens to the lips in primary cardinal vowels

Answer 24

starts very spread, becomes less spread, then becomes slightly rounded, finishes very rounded

Question 25

as you go around the vowel quadrilateral, explain what happens to the lips in secondary cardinal vowels

Answer 25

Starts very rounded, becomes less rounded, then becomes slightly spread, finishes very spread

Question 26

What is the cardinal vowel
ɑ most similar to?

Answer 26

the vowel in ‘father’ in slightly old standard british english (make it a bit posh - slightly spread lips)