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Phonetics > extIPA symbols > Flashcards

extIPA symbols Flashcards

1
Q

what is the function of the extIPA

A

to extend the IPA for disordered speech

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2
Q

what do the symbols of the extIPA denote?

A

articulatory configurations rarely found in natural language OR articulations only reported in disordered speech (some of which are not possible which typical mechanism)

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3
Q

what does dentolabial place of articulation use?

A

the upper lip and lower teeth

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4
Q

what manners of dentolabial place of articulation can be formed?

A

plosives, nasals and fricatives

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5
Q

what diacritic is used for dentolabial articulation?

A

a dental diacritic but above the phoneme to indicate use of the upper lip

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6
Q

what does linguolabial place of articulation use?

A

the tongue tip and centre of the upper lip

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7
Q

what manners of linguolabial place of articulation can be formed?

A

plosives, trills, nasals, fricatives and the lateral approximant

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8
Q

what diacritic is used for linguolabial articulation?

A
  • symbol to represent upper lip, also known as seagull diacritic
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9
Q

what does interdental place of articulation use?

A

excessive and visible tongue protrusion in dental articulation

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10
Q

what manners of interdental place of articulation can be formed?

A

plosives, fricatives, trill, nasal, the lateral approximant, percussive - only in alveolar or dental sounds

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11
Q

what diacritic is used for interdental articulation?

A

two dental diacritics, one above and one below the sound

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12
Q

What does bidental articulation use?

A

the upper and lower teeth

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13
Q

what manners of bidental place of articulation can be formed?

A

percussives and fricatives

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14
Q

how are bidental fricatives produced?

A

by forcing turbulent airflow through the slight gap between teeth when they are clenched together

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15
Q

how are bidental fricatives marked?

A

by a h or ɦ with dental diacritics above and below the phonemes - this indicates lack of tongue movement but involvement of the upper and lower teeth

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16
Q

how are bidental percussives marked

A

with 2 dental diacritics above and below each other

17
Q

what does a bidental percussive sound like?

A

similar to a click

18
Q

what does velopharyngeal place of articulation use?

A

the velopharyngeal port itself as the articulator - a slightly lowered velum creates velopharyngeal friction - this can be added to other sounds

19
Q

What symbol marks velopharyngeal friction?

A

[fŋ]

20
Q

What symbol marks velopharyngeal friction in addition to another sound?

A

[s̃̃]

21
Q

What does labioalveolar articulation use?

A

the lower lip moving inside the upperlip and dentition making contact with the alveolar ridge

22
Q

what is the diacritic for labioalveolar articulation?

A
  • two retracted diacritics underneath sound
23
Q

what are the types of extIPA fricatives?

A

Median, lateral, median and lateral, nareal

24
Q

What are median and lateral fricatives and which ones are regularly noted?

A

use of the narrow central groove for airflow coupled with a lateral gap further around the edge of the tongue, resulting in 2 separate openings and aiflows, both of which are turbulent
only alveolar lateral median fricatives have been regularly noted and are marked as [ls] [lz]

25
Q

what are nareal fricatives and how are they marked?

A

nasal stops with turbulent airflow at the nares -
nasal fricatives: m n ŋ with nasal symbol with two dots either end of the curls

other sounds can have nasal escape added (common in cleft when attempting to produce standard fricatives) - add the diacritic to any sound

26
Q

what are percussives? what are the types

A

where 2 rigid or semirigid articulators are struck against each other to produce a short, sharp sound, most commonly bidental but also bilabial. they can be added to vowels and consonants or produced similarly to clicks to express emotion (e.g annoyance)

27
Q

How are percussives produced in relation to airflow

A

the airflow appears to come from the movement of the articulators themselves, rather than lungs, larynx or tongue

28
Q

what are the symbols to represent tempo?

A

allegro (fast)
lento (slow)
ralentendo (slowing down)
accelerando (speeding up)

29
Q

what are the symbols to represent loudness?

A

p, pp, f, ff, diminuendo, crescendo

30
Q

What are the symbols to represent pausing?

A

(.), (..), (…) - to represent 1, 2 or 3 missed beats of speakers regular rate
(e.g. 1s) - to show the number os seconds of the pause if longer than 3 regular beats of the speakers standard rate

31
Q

What are the symbols to represent indeterminant sound?

A

circle - indeterminant sound
circle with v in - indeterminant vowel
circle with C in - indeterminant consonant

32
Q

what is the symbol to represent silent articulation?

A

( )

Phonetics (7 decks)

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