extIPA symbols

Question 1

what is the function of the extIPA

Answer 1

to extend the IPA for disordered speech

Question 2

what do the symbols of the extIPA denote?

Answer 2

articulatory configurations rarely found in natural language OR articulations only reported in disordered speech (some of which are not possible which typical mechanism)

Question 3

what does dentolabial place of articulation use?

Answer 3

the upper lip and lower teeth

Question 4

what manners of dentolabial place of articulation can be formed?

Answer 4

plosives, nasals and fricatives

Question 5

what diacritic is used for dentolabial articulation?

Answer 5

a dental diacritic but above the phoneme to indicate use of the upper lip

Question 6

what does linguolabial place of articulation use?

Answer 6

the tongue tip and centre of the upper lip

Question 7

what manners of linguolabial place of articulation can be formed?

Answer 7

plosives, trills, nasals, fricatives and the lateral approximant

Question 8

what diacritic is used for linguolabial articulation?

Answer 8

• symbol to represent upper lip, also known as seagull diacritic

Question 9

what does interdental place of articulation use?

Answer 9

excessive and visible tongue protrusion in dental articulation

Question 10

what manners of interdental place of articulation can be formed?

Answer 10

plosives, fricatives, trill, nasal, the lateral approximant, percussive - only in alveolar or dental sounds

Question 11

what diacritic is used for interdental articulation?

Answer 11

two dental diacritics, one above and one below the sound

Question 12

What does bidental articulation use?

Answer 12

the upper and lower teeth

Question 13

what manners of bidental place of articulation can be formed?

Answer 13

percussives and fricatives

Question 14

how are bidental fricatives produced?

Answer 14

by forcing turbulent airflow through the slight gap between teeth when they are clenched together

Question 15

how are bidental fricatives marked?

Answer 15

by a h or ɦ with dental diacritics above and below the phonemes - this indicates lack of tongue movement but involvement of the upper and lower teeth

Question 16

how are bidental percussives marked

Answer 16

with 2 dental diacritics above and below each other

Question 17

what does a bidental percussive sound like?

Answer 17

similar to a click

Question 18

what does velopharyngeal place of articulation use?

Answer 18

the velopharyngeal port itself as the articulator - a slightly lowered velum creates velopharyngeal friction - this can be added to other sounds

Question 19

What symbol marks velopharyngeal friction?

Answer 19

[fŋ]

Question 20

What symbol marks velopharyngeal friction in addition to another sound?

Answer 20

[s̃̃]

Question 21

What does labioalveolar articulation use?

Answer 21

the lower lip moving inside the upperlip and dentition making contact with the alveolar ridge

Question 22

what is the diacritic for labioalveolar articulation?

Answer 22

• two retracted diacritics underneath sound

Question 23

what are the types of extIPA fricatives?

Answer 23

Median, lateral, median and lateral, nareal

Question 24

What are median and lateral fricatives and which ones are regularly noted?

Answer 24

use of the narrow central groove for airflow coupled with a lateral gap further around the edge of the tongue, resulting in 2 separate openings and aiflows, both of which are turbulent
only alveolar lateral median fricatives have been regularly noted and are marked as [ls] [lz]

Question 25

what are nareal fricatives and how are they marked?

Answer 25

nasal stops with turbulent airflow at the nares - nasal fricatives: m n ŋ with nasal symbol with two dots either end of the curls other sounds can have nasal escape added (common in cleft when attempting to produce standard fricatives) - add the diacritic to any sound

Question 26

what are percussives? what are the types

Answer 26

where 2 rigid or semirigid articulators are struck against each other to produce a short, sharp sound, most commonly bidental but also bilabial. they can be added to vowels and consonants or produced similarly to clicks to express emotion (e.g annoyance)

Question 27

How are percussives produced in relation to airflow

Answer 27

the airflow appears to come from the movement of the articulators themselves, rather than lungs, larynx or tongue

Question 28

what are the symbols to represent tempo?

Answer 28

allegro (fast) lento (slow) ralentendo (slowing down) accelerando (speeding up)

Question 29

what are the symbols to represent loudness?

Answer 29

p, pp, f, ff, diminuendo, crescendo

Question 30

What are the symbols to represent pausing?

Answer 30

(.), (..), (...) - to represent 1, 2 or 3 missed beats of speakers regular rate (e.g. 1s) - to show the number os seconds of the pause if longer than 3 regular beats of the speakers standard rate

Question 31

What are the symbols to represent indeterminant sound?

Answer 31

circle - indeterminant sound circle with v in - indeterminant vowel circle with C in - indeterminant consonant

Question 32

what is the symbol to represent silent articulation?

Answer 32

( )