Types of Tissues Flashcards
What are the four types of tissues?
Epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous.
What is the difference between plasma and interstitial fluid?
Plasma is the liquid portion of the blood, interstitial fluid fills the space between cells in tissues.
What is the difference between a desmosome and a hemidesmosome.
A hemidesmosome will only have a plaque on one side while a desmosome has plaques on both of the tissues that it is connecting.
Which three types of junction involve anchoring?
Adherens, desmosome, and hemidesmosome.
In which type of junction can an adhesion belt be found?
An adherens junction.
Why is a gap junction useful?
It allows for cell to cell communication.
What is the SNAIL gene and what does it do?
When it is activated, it leads to the suppression of cadherin production which causes epithelial cells to not stack up properly, called dysplasia of the cells, which results in carcinoma.
Where in the body can simple cuboidal epithelium be found?
The intralobular duct of the pancreas.
What kinds of cells produce mucous?
Goblet cells.
What is the difference between cilia and microvilli?
Cilia are motile and facilitate movement of substances over the cell’s surface, while microvilli are non-motile and increase absorption by increasing the surface area of the tissue.
Where in the body can simple columnar epithelium be found?
The fallopian tubes.
Where can pseudostratified columnar epithelium be found?
In the trachea
Where can stratified squamous epithelium be found?
Skin and in the vagina
Where can stratified cuboidal epithelium be found?
In the esophagus
Where can transitional epithelium be found?
In the urinary bladder.
What are the two kinds of secretory glands and what is the difference between them?
Endocrine and exocrine. Endocrine secretes into the interstitial fluid and diffuses into the bloodstream and exocrine secretes through a gland.
Define merocrine secretion
When a substance is secreted by a cell (ex. by exocytosis) and no part of the cell is lost or damaged.
Define apocrine secretion.
When a cell secretes a substance by pinching a part of itself off.
Define holocrine secretion
When a mature cell dies and becomes the secretory product itself.
Give an example of merocrine secretion.
Sweat glands
Give an example of apocrine secretion.
Mammary (milk) glands.
Give an example of holocrine secretion.
Sebaceous glands.
What do “blast” cells do?
They build things (ex. osteoblasts build bone)
What do “cyte” cells do?
They are mature cells that maintain the matrix (ex. osteocyte maintains bone).
What makes up the extracellular matrix?
Ground substance and fibres.
What is ground substance?
A component of connective tissue that occupies the space between cells and fibres (ex. blood or cartilage to bone)
What are some major molecules found in ground substance?
Glycosaminogycans (hyaluronic acid, glucosamine sulfate, dermatan sulfate, and keratan sulfate) and Proteoglycans
What is the function of hyaluronic acid in ground substance?
It binds cells and fibres together.
What are the types of fibres that can be found in the connective tissue.
Collagen, elastic, and reticular.
What is mesenchyme?
All the connective tissue in a fetus.
What is the connective tissue of the umbilical cord called?
Wharton’s Jelly.
What are the three types of loose connective tissue?
Areolar, adipose, and reticular.
