Types of Theoretical Explanation models (Chapter 1.2)

Question 1

2 Types of Explanatory models?

Answer 1

1- Continuous model (dimensional): Gradual scale from normal to abnormal.
2-Discontinous modes (categorical): bounded and qualitative differences between normal and abnormal development.

Question 2

Physiological Model

Answer 2

1-Physiological (genetic, structural, biological,chemical) basis for psychological process.
Passive correlations: children are exposed to different environments provided by their genetically related parents.
Active correlations: children select or create their own environment as a function of their genetic basis.
Evocative correlations: children experience different reactions or responses to their genetically influenced emotions or behaviors.

Question 3

Brain development terms

Answer 3

1-Pruning: competitive loss of synapses (use it or loose it.)

2-Experience dependent plasticity: the study of how the environment impacts the biological organisation of the brain. (acquisition of reading, brain is not naturally capable of reading , learning how tp read creates changes in the brain.)

3-Diathesis: physiological vulnerabilities ( genetics)

Question 4

Psychodynamic Model

Answer 4

1-Unconscious processes
2-mental representations of self ,other relationships.
3-Subjective experiences
4-Origins of atypical personality in early childhood

Question 5

Behavioral and Cognitive model

Answer 5

1.Behavioral models: environment is significant on development of personality and psychopathology. behaviors are acquired via a learning process.
2.Cognitive models: focus on processes of the mind and cognitive development.
3.Cognitive Behavioral therapy: manage problems by changing the way someone thinks and behaves.

Question 6

Humanistic Model

Answer 6

Meaningful experiences, self-growth, child’s purposeful creation of self.
-Focuses on conscious process of the brain.

Question 7

Family or Systematic models

Answer 7

Understanding of personality and psychopathology of the child based on family dynamics.
- Shared, non-shared sibling environment.

Question 8

Sociocultural models

Answer 8

Culture is not only the background for development; rather it is a major influence on development itself.

Question 9

Birth cohort

Answer 9

key experiences and events that happened throughout the time you are alive.

Question 10

Developmental pathways

Answer 10

adjustments or maladjustments are points or places along a lifelong map

Question 11

Road-blocks

Answer 11

Events or réponses that shift or slow down positive trajectories. (Restricted access to education)

Question 12

Detours

Answer 12

Events or junctures that redirect pathways.
(new school)

Question 13

Off-ramps

Answer 13

places where children exit a positive trajectory

Question 14

Coherence

Answer 14

beginning maybe related to the outcomes if evaluated correct