Types of Social Policies Flashcards
It is a governing principle or plan of action to pursue societal aspirations;
Policy
can be understood as political, management, financial, and
administrative mechanisms arranged to reach explicit goals.
Policy
It is a part of public policy that has to do with social issues such as public
access to social programs.
Social Policy
It aims to improve human welfare and to meet human needs for education,
health, housing and social security and others.
Social Policy
6 types of Social Policy
RDRCES
Regulatory policy
Distributive policy
Redistributive Policy
Capitalization Policy
Ethical Policy
Substantive Policy
Any attempt by the government to control the behavior of citizens,
corporations, or sub-governments (Meier, 1985)
Regulatory Policy
It regulates how people act towards one another
Regulatory Policy
Intended to govern the conduct of business
Regulatory Policy
Police Power of the State
Regulatory Policy
programs and initiatives that aim to regulate and monitor social
behaviors, practices, and institutions to promote public welfare
and ensure compliance with legal and ethical standards.
Regulatory Policy
These policies aim to regulate and monitor social behaviors, practices, and institutions to promote public welfare, protect the
rights of individuals, and ensure compliance with legal and ethical
standards
Regulatory Policy
include law enforcement; business regulation (prices, fraud, unfair practices, monopoly); limiting access to public goods (air, water, communications); and health and safety
Patterns of Regulatory Policy
impose restrictions or limitations on the behavior of individuals and groups (Anderson, 1997)
Regulatory policy
Diference of regulatory vs. self-regulatory policy
Regulatory are restricting and controlling. But unlike regulatory policies, self-regulatory policies are usually sought and supported by the regulated group as a means of protecting or promoting the interests of its members.
designed to “limit the provision of goods and services to one or a few designated
deliverers, who are chosen from a larger number of competing potential
deliverers.”
Competitive Regulatory Policies
intended to protect the public at large from the negative effects of private activity, such as tainted food, air pollution, unsafe consumer products, or fraudulent
business transactions.
Protective Regulatory Policies
Examples:
allocation of radio and TV frequencies by governments
regulation of trade or professions (law, medicine, nursing, engineering, etc)
Competitive Regulatory Policies
Examples:
Milk Code
Graphic warning labels in cigarette packaging
Licensing of health facilities
Protective Regulatory Policies
This law regulates the employment of workers and establishes minimum
labor standards to protect the rights of workers and promote their welfare.
Labor Code of the Philippines
(Part of Regulatory Policy)
This law protects the rights of consumers by regulating business practices
and ensuring the provision of quality goods and services.
Consumer Act of the Philippines
(Part of Regulatory Policy)
This law sets the minimum wage rate for workers in the Philippines to
ensure that they are paid fairly and receive a living wage.
Minimum Wage Law
(Part of Regulatory Policy)
This law regulates smoking in public places to promote public health and
reduce the risk of smoking-related diseases.
Anti-Smoking Law
(Part of Regulatory Policy)
This law sets the standards and regulations for building construction to
ensure the safety and security of occupants.
National Building Code
(Part of Regulatory Policy)
Different sections of the 1987 Constitution also exhibit show the state’s
regulatory policies, such as but not limited to:
Sec. 5, 24, 25, 27, 28
Section 5. The maintenance of peace and order, the protection of life, liberty,
and property, and promotion of the general welfare are essential for the
enjoyment by all the people of the blessings of democracy.
Section 24. The State recognizes the vital role of communication and
information in nation-building
Section 25. The State shall ensure the autonomy of local governments.
Section 27. The State shall maintain honesty and integrity in the public
service and take positive and effective measures against graft and
corruption.
Section 28. Subject to reasonable conditions prescribed by law, the State
adopts and implements a policy of full public disclosure of all its
transactions involving public interest.
This policy aims to establish the correct practice of moral and ethical issues. separate category from the regulative policies of law and commerce.
Ethical Policy
Policy bases for ethical policy in the 1987 Philippine Constitution are shown in the following:
Sec. 11, 15, 16, 17
Section 11. The State values the dignity of every human person and
guarantee full respect for human rights.
Section 15. The State shall protect and promote the right to health of the
people and instill health consciousness among them.
Section 16. The State shall protect and advance the right of the people to a
balanced and healthful ecology in accord with the rhythm and harmony of
nature.
Section 17. The State shall give priority to education, science and
technology, arts, culture, and sports to foster patriotism and nationalism
accelerate social progress, and promote total human liberation and
development.
actions “intended to manipulate the allocation of wealth, property, personal or
civil rights, or some other valued item among social classes”
welfare, civil rights for social minorities, aid to poor cities or schools,
Redistributive Policy
these policies are difficult to pass because the less powerful must prevail over the
more powerful interests or at least persuade more powerful groups that it is right and just to approve the redistribution of some resource to the less powerful.
Redistributive Policy
Can also involve the transfer of resources from the less well off to the better off
Redistributive Policy
benefits—the poor, urban areas, economically depressed
areas—were depicted as unworthy recipients, and the policies intended to help them were severely criticized.
tax cuts that shifted benefits from the poor to the wealthy
Redistributive [Policy]
programs and initiatives that seek to redistribute wealth, income, or other
resources from the wealthy to the poor and marginalized sectors of society.
These policies aim to address poverty and inequality by redistributing resources
from the wealthy to the poor and marginalized sectors of society.
Redistributive Policy
civil rights is a good illustration of this notion of at least the perception of the
redistribution of rights
Blacks demanding rights and resources guaranteed under the Constitution🡪
many people resisted these policies because they believed that they would
somehow be losers if blacks were “winners” of these rights.
Same-sex marriage
Redistributive Policy
This program aims to distribute land to landless farmers and provide them with
support services to improve their productivity and income.
Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program (CARP)
(Part of Redistributive Policy)
What law seeks to make the tax system more progressive by reducing income
taxes for low-income earners while increasing taxes on higher-income earners.
Tax Reform for Acceleration and Inclusion (TRAIN) Law
(Part of Redistributive Policy)
involve the granting of some sort of benefit to a particular interest group or
other well-defined, relatively small group of beneficiaries
Distributive Policy
takes a resource from a broad group of people and gives the resource to a
narrower group;
Example: farm subsidies and federal spending on local infrastructure
projects such as dams, flood control systems, aviation, highways, and
schools.
Distributive Policy
These benefits are usually distributed in the process of developing
authorization and appropriations bills as part of the budgeting process
Distributive Policy
policy allows for a considerable amount of negotiation and distribution of
benefits to members of Congress (increase fund allocation in their districts,
cited during their re-election bids)
Distributive Policy
Is a kind of policy where government efforts to distribute benefits to some
portion of the population and pay for those benefits from general tax
revenues.
Distributive Policy
are in the form of subsidies, support for education, research and extension, creation of distributive public goods, and provision of government insurance
Distributive Policy
programs and initiatives implemented by the government to promote
equitable distribution of resources and opportunities, particularly to
marginalized and disadvantaged sectors of society
Distributive Policy
These policies aim to address poverty and inequality by ensuring that
marginalized sectors of society have access to essential services and
opportunities.
Distributive Policy
Involve allocation of services or benefits to particular segments of the
population – individuals, groups, corporations, and communities. Typically involves using public funds to assist particular groups, communities, or industries. ( Anderson, 1997)
Distributive Policy
programs and initiatives implemented by the government to promote
equitable distribution of resources and opportunities, particularly to
marginalized and disadvantaged sectors of society
Distributive Policy
This program provides financial assistance to poor families in exchange
for fulfilling certain conditions, such as sending their children to school
and getting regular health checkups.
Conditional Cash Transfer (CCT) Program
(Part of Distributive Policy)
This law aims to provide access to quality and affordable healthcare
services for all Filipinos, particularly those who are indigent, senior
citizens, and persons with disabilities.
Universal Health Care (UHC) Law
(Part of Distributive Policy)
This program provides cash grants to poor households to support their
daily needs and improve their access to education and health services.
Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps)
(Part of Distributive Policy)
This program provides affordable rice to low-income families through the
distribution of subsidized rice.
National Food Authority (NFA) Rice Subsidy Program
(Part of Distributive Policy)
aims to support small local infrastructure and other priority community projects which are not included in the national infrastructure program involving massive and costly projects
Countrywide Development Fund (CDF)
(Part of Distributive Policy)
Illustrates the “power of the purse” that has been constitutionally vested
in the House of Representatives
Declared as unconstitutional by the Supreme Court in the case of Belgica
v. Ochoa
LEGISLATIVE acts providing allocations like the Countrywide Development Fund (CDF) and the Priority Development Assistance Fund (PDAF)
Part of Distributive Policy
program improves the access of poor Filipinos to health and
education services
Conditional Cash Transfer (CCT or 4Ps) programs
Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps) is Conditional Cash Transfer
address infrastructure constraints that
have resulted to the country’s weak economic growth in the past
Public-Private Partnership (PPP, RA.7718) initiative
UCT for indigent senior citizens
Php 2,400/year
UCT for Pantawid Pasada Prog
PhP20,500 (2019)
Adopts an integrated and comprehensive approach to health development
which shall endeavor to make essential goods, health and other social services
available to all the people at affordable cost.
Priority for the needs of the underprivileged, sick, elderly, disabled, women,
and children shall be recognized. The Act also shows the policy of the State to
provide free medical care to paupers.
Php 60.6 Billion for 2018
R.A. 7875: National Health Insurance Act of 1995 amended by RA 10606
(Part of Distributive Policy)
Refers to policy where the government taxes one group of people to provide
benefits to another group.
This policy comes in the form of income stabilization (unemployment,
retirement); welfare (head start, food stamps, school lunch programs); health
care (Phil Health, aid for senior citizens); and housing and income
distribution (sin tax, etc.).
Involve deliberate efforts by the government to shift the allocation of wealth, income, property, or rights among broad classes or groups of the population,
such as haves and have-nots, proletariat and bourgeoisie
“The aim involved is no use of property but property itself, not equal
treatment but equal possession, not behavior but being.” (Anderson, 1997)
Distributive Policy
R.A. 7875: National Health Insurance Act of 1995 amended by RA 10606
The constitutional bases for Distributive policies are the following
Sec. 9, 10, 21, 26
Section 9. The State shall promote a just and dynamic social order that will
ensure the prosperity and independence of the nation and free the people from
poverty through policies that provide adequate social services, promote full
employment, a rising standard of living, and an improved quality of life for all.
Section 10. The State shall promote social justice in all phases of national
development.
Section 21. The State shall promote comprehensive rural development and
agrarian reform.
Section 26. The State shall guarantee equal access to opportunities for public
service and prohibit political dynasties as may be defined by law.
this policy aims to increase the productive capacity of social institutions
Capitalization Policy
this policy highlights that financial subsidies given by the Center to regional and local governments and central and state business undertakings
Capitalization Policy
This policy is not directly linked to public welfare
infrastructural and development policies for government business organizations to keep functioning properly
Capitalization Policy
This agency provides skills training and development programs to equip Filipinos
with the necessary skills and knowledge to gain employment or start their
own businesses.
Technical Education and Skills Development Authority (TESDA)
- Part of Capitalization Policy
These programs provide access to credit and financial services to individuals and small businesses who have limited
access to traditional banking services.
Microfinance Programs
- Part of Capitalization Policy
These programs provide training and assistance to individuals and communities to help them establish sustainable livelihoods and generate income.
Livelihood Programs
- Part of Capitalization Policy
Capitalization Policy bases from the Philippine Constitution are shown in the following:
Sec. 12, 13, 14, 18, 19, 20, 22, 23
Section 12. The State recognizes the sanctity of family life and shall
protect and strengthen the family as a basic autonomous social institution.
It shall equally protect the life of the mother and the life of the unborn
from conception. The natural and primary right and duty of parents in the
rearing of the youth for civic efficiency and the development of moral
character shall receive the support of the Government.
Section 13. The State recognizes the vital role of the youth in nation-building
and shall promote and protect their physical, moral, spiritual, intellectual, and
social well-being. It shall inculcate in the youth patriotism and nationalism
and encourage their involvement in public and civic affairs.
Section 14. The State recognizes the role of women in nation-building and
shall ensure the fundamental equality before the law of women and men.
Section 18. The State affirms labor as a primary social economic force. It
shall protect the rights of workers and promote their welfare.
Section 19. The State shall develop a self-reliant and independent
national-economy effectively controlled by Filipinos
Section 20. The State recognizes the indispensable role of the private
sector, encourages private enterprise, and provides incentives to needed
investments.
Section 22. The State recognizes and promotes the rights of indigenous
cultural communities within the framework of national unity and
development.
Section 23. The State shall encourage non-governmental,
community-based, or sectoral organizations that promote the welfare of the nation.
concerned with the general welfare and development of the society
programs like provision of education and employment opportunities,
economic stabilization, law and order enforcement, anti-pollution legislation
Substantive Policy
These policies have vast areas of operation affecting the general welfare and
development of the society as a whole.
do not relate to any particular or privileged segments of the society.
Substantive Policy
Such policies have to be formulated keeping in view the prime character of
the constitution socio-economic problems and the level of moral claims of the
society.
deals with the stable society living in the inhabitants in a given political
system
Substantive Policy
programs and initiatives that aim to address the root causes of social
problems, promote social justice, and improve the overall quality of life for all
Filipinos.
These policies aim to promote social justice, protect human rights, and
improve the overall well-being of all Filipinos by addressing the root causes
of social problems and promoting social inclusion.
Substantive Policy
This program aims to provide universal access to health care by pooling
resources to fund health services for all Filipinos.
National Health Insurance Program
- Part of Substantive Policy
This law seeks to protect the country’s water resources and ensure that all
Filipinos have access to safe and clean drinking water.
Clean Water Act
- Part of Substantive Policy
This law aims to promote proper waste management practices to protect
public health and the environment.
Ecological Solid Waste Management Act
- Part of Substantive Policy
This law seeks to eliminate discrimination against women and promote
gender equality in all spheres of society.
Magna Carta for Women
- Part of Substantive Policy
This proposed law seeks to protect the rights of all individuals, regardless
of their gender, sexual orientation, and gender identity.
Anti-Discrimination Bill
- Part of Substantive Policy
