Module 2

Question 1

It should also be noted that poverty incidence and ____________ do not necessarily coincide

Answer 1

Magnitude

Question 2

has the highest poverty incidence at 38.8%

Answer 2

Mindanao

Question 3

has the highest number of poor families, with almost 2 million families (42.4% of the total).

Answer 3

Luzon

Question 4

However, the Philippines is still lagging behind in meeting the targets on access to these three

Answer 4

To primary education, maternal mortality rates, and access to reproductive health care.

Question 5

While the country has experienced moderate economic growth in recent years, poverty reduction has been slow. Inequality has remained high, which mitigates the positive impact of growth on poverty reduction

Answer 5

Economic growth did not translate into poverty reduction in recent years.

Question 6

Poverty incidence has been persistently high in some regions (Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao, Caraga, Region IV-B, Region V, and Region IX). Regions with the most number of poor people are regions IV-A, V, VI, and VII.

Answer 6

Poverty levels vary greatly by region.

Question 7

The majority of the poor are still found in rural areas and in the agriculture sector, primarily as farmers and fishers. However, there is an increasing number of poor households in urban area

Answer 7

Poverty remains a mainly rural pheno- menon, though urban poverty is on the rise.

Question 8

Two-thirds of poor households are headed by people with only an elementary school education or below. Access to quality education is identified as a key pathway out of poverty

Answer 8

Poverty levels are strongly linked to educational attainment.

Question 9

Population management will be critical for an effective poverty reduction strategy.

Answer 9

The poor have large families, with six or more members.

Question 10

This is highlighted by the escalating conflict in Mindanao and the current global financial crisis. An effective poverty strategy must incorporate social protection.

Answer 10

Many Filipino households remain vulnerable to shocks and risks.

Question 11

Measures to address such constraints must be an important focus in formulating a revised government strategy for poverty reduction.

Answer 11

Governance and institutional constraints remain.

Question 12

Effective delivery of basic social services and poverty-related programs at the local level will improve poverty reduction programs.

Answer 12

Local government capacity for imple- menting poverty programs is weak.

Question 13

This is related to unreliable, inaccurate, and untimely poverty information, especially at the local level, and to governance challenges in program design and implementation.

Answer 13

Deficient targeting in poverty programs.

Question 14

Resource mobilization and protection of budgets for social sector and poverty reduction programs is needed.

Answer 14

There are serious resource gaps for poverty reduction activities and attainment of the MDGs by 2015.

Question 15

The poverty problem is multidimensional, and thus the response should involve multiple agencies, sectors, and stakeholders. Convergence has been the right approach and should be scaled up and practiced more extensively.

Answer 15

Multidimensional responses to poverty reduction are needed.

Question 16

There are very few micro studies on chronic poverty and how the poor escape poverty traps.

Answer 16

Further research on chronic poverty is needed.

Question 17

Immediate and Short Term Key Recommendation?

Answer 17

Enhance Poverty Framework and Strategy

Question 18

Medium and Long Term Key Recommendation?

Answer 18

Sustain Efforts for Economic and Institutional Reforms

Question 19

Poverty statistics are based on?

Answer 19

income per capita data sourced from the triennial Family Income and Expenditure Survey (FIES) conducted by the Philippine Statistics Authority (PSA), and (ii) poverty lines estimated (by the PSA) using a cost of basic needs approach2. These poverty lines represent a minimum acceptable standard of per capita income that separates the poor and the non-poor.

Question 20

Research focusing on growth and poverty highlights the critical role of economic growth in diminishing poverty.

Answer 20

Even in 2012, poverty rates had also remained at the same rate.

Question 21

The GEP figures for the Philippines are relatively low, especially when compared to the global average outlined by Ravallion (2013).

Answer 21

(2013). This low GEP from 2006 to 2009 suggests that the economic growth experienced in the Philippines during this period did not significantly alleviate poverty.

Question 22

Households in the Philippines are not homogenous,

Answer 22

they may be clustered by a series of interrelated socioeconomic dimensions of welfare.

Question 23

The key shocks and sources of vulnerability affecting Filipino households are conceptually known, and they include what?

Answer 23

labor and employment shocks (job losses and lower wages), price shocks, demographic, reproductive and health-related shocks (illness or death of a household member, unplanned pregnancies), and natural disasters.