Types of research

Question 1

The setting of the research would be:

Answer 1

Field study
Laboratory study

Question 2

What is a field study

Answer 2

-natural environment
-hard to control

Question 3

What is a Laboratory study

Answer 3

• unnatural environment, observer may bias results
• easier to control

Question 4

Types of designs

Answer 4

• descriptive study
• correlational study
• experimental

Question 5

What is self-report

Answer 5

• people describe their own behaviour. Questionnaire. Interview.
• People may not give accurate responses

Question 6

What is observation

Answer 6

• researchers record data (naturalistic observation, tests)
• need to measure the right thing

Question 7

What is a descriptive design

Answer 7

a type of research design that utilizes both quantitative and qualitative methods of research to collect data to describe a phenomenon, situation, or population

Question 8

What is a correlational design

Answer 8

Experimenter measures relationship between two variables
Correlations can be + or -

Question 9

What are confounding variables

Answer 9

Anything that could influence the
DV, that is not the IV
Example, placebo effects

Question 10

What is an experiment

Answer 10

1) manipulate one thing, measure another
- can infer casualty

Question 11

What is test retest reliability

Answer 11

Does a test give similar values if the same participant takes it two or more times

Question 12

Inter- rater reliability

Answer 12

Does a test give similar values if administered by a different experimenter (‘rater’) ?

Question 13

Measurement validity

Answer 13

Is the measurement a valid index- does it reasonably ‘stand for’- the psychological construct of interest

Question 14

Define reliability

Answer 14

A measurement yields similar results when repeated

Question 15

Define validity

Answer 15

A measurement predicts what it is supposed to predict

Question 16

Define criterion validity (external validity)

Answer 16

A measurement relates to other measurements as expected

Question 17

Define ecological validity

Answer 17

How much it generalised to the real world

Question 18

Limitations of experimental research

Answer 18

Complex real- world issues may not be easily studied in the laboratory- experiments often have problems with ecological validity

Question 19

Define population

Answer 19

All potential subjects in an experiment

Question 20

Define sample

Answer 20

A subset of the population tested

Question 21

Representative sample

Answer 21

A subset of the population that reflects the overall population as accurately as possible

Question 22

Define effect size

Answer 22

The difference between two measurements

Question 23

Define variability

Answer 23

More variable data- less significant

Question 24

The number of measurements and significance

Answer 24

The more measurements the more significant

Question 25

The Mozart effect

Answer 25

- 36 college students participated in 3 conditions - IV: listening condition(10 mins) 1) Mozart 2) a relaxation tape 3) silence - DV: immediately after listening condition subjects performed a spatial reasoning test. - effect was not replicable - effect was not valid - shows importance of replication in science

Question 26

replication of the mozart effect

Answer 26

16 additional experiments of the mozart effects were made and they found no significant differences in IQ

Question 27

What did we gather from the mozart effect?

Answer 27

1) the effect was not reliable 2) effect was not valid as media claimed 3)shows importance of replication in science