Types Of Mutations

Question 1

Addition/ Insertion?

Answer 1

when extra nucleotides are added to the genetic sequence, DNA strands are longer and causes the genetic message to be shifted after the insertion event.

Question 2

Subtraction/ deletion?

Answer 2

when nucleotides are removed from the genetic sequence, DNA strands are shorter and causes the genetic message to be shifted after the insertion event.

Question 3

Substitution?

Answer 3

when a nucleotides are replaced by another base/bases, may or may not change the amino acid being coded for depending on the location of the case in the codon.

Question 4

Inversion?

Answer 4

when a sequence of nucleotides are revised end to end, section of inversion all be misread causing amino acids to be produced in reverse.

Question 5

Factors causing mutations?

Answer 5

Mutagen, Chemical factor, Biological factor

Question 6

Mutagen?

Answer 6

physical factors: radiation (UV light, gamma rays, X-rays)

Question 7

Chemical Factor?

Answer 7

release toxins, Cigarettes releasing over 4000 toxic substances, PCB

Question 8

Biological Factor?

Answer 8

viruses and bacteria linked to cancer, hepatitis B & C viruses can cause liver cancer

Question 9

Effects of Mutation?

Answer 9

can be a source of genetics which leads to evolution of species, positive mutation, negative mutation and neutral mutation.

Question 10

Positive mutation?

Answer 10

a change in the genetic sequence improving an organisms ability to survive or reproduce, beneficial to species with mutation reproducing successfully to pass on mutation to offspring.

Question 11

Negative mutation?

Answer 11

a change in the genetic sequence which negatively effects an organisms ability to survive and reproduce successfully.

Question 12

Neutral mutation?

Answer 12

a change in the genetic sequence which neither increases nor decreases the organisms ability to survive or reproduce, there is no visible effect on the individuals heath.