Types Of Mutations Flashcards

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1
Q

Addition/ Insertion?

A

when extra nucleotides are added to the genetic sequence, DNA strands are longer and causes the genetic message to be shifted after the insertion event.

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2
Q

Subtraction/ deletion?

A

when nucleotides are removed from the genetic sequence, DNA strands are shorter and causes the genetic message to be shifted after the insertion event.

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3
Q

Substitution?

A

when a nucleotides are replaced by another base/bases, may or may not change the amino acid being coded for depending on the location of the case in the codon.

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4
Q

Inversion?

A

when a sequence of nucleotides are revised end to end, section of inversion all be misread causing amino acids to be produced in reverse.

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5
Q

Factors causing mutations?

A

Mutagen, Chemical factor, Biological factor

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6
Q

Mutagen?

A

physical factors: radiation (UV light, gamma rays, X-rays)

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7
Q

Chemical Factor?

A

release toxins, Cigarettes releasing over 4000 toxic substances, PCB

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8
Q

Biological Factor?

A

viruses and bacteria linked to cancer, hepatitis B & C viruses can cause liver cancer

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9
Q

Effects of Mutation?

A

can be a source of genetics which leads to evolution of species, positive mutation, negative mutation and neutral mutation.

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10
Q

Positive mutation?

A

a change in the genetic sequence improving an organisms ability to survive or reproduce, beneficial to species with mutation reproducing successfully to pass on mutation to offspring.

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11
Q

Negative mutation?

A

a change in the genetic sequence which negatively effects an organisms ability to survive and reproduce successfully.

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12
Q

Neutral mutation?

A

a change in the genetic sequence which neither increases nor decreases the organisms ability to survive or reproduce, there is no visible effect on the individuals heath.

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