Evolution Of Populations Flashcards
Genotype?
the genetic makeup of an individual
Niche?
what an individual does to obtain resources
Founder Reflect?
a change in the allele frequency due to the migration of a small group of the population
Crossing Over?
the exchange of DNA sequences between non sister chromatids during meiosis I
Polygenic Trait?
a trait that controlled by two or more gene
Genetic Equilibrium?
the situation in which allele frequencies do not change
Geographic isolation?
two populations are separated by geographic barriers
Gene shuffling?
a method of creating different genetic combinations during sexual reproduction
Stabilizing Selection?
individuals at the centre of the curve have the highest fitness
Independent Assortment?
random separation of homologous pairs of chromosomes during meiosis I
Directional Selection?
individuals at one end of the spectrum have higher fitness than individuals at the middle or at the other end of the curve
Genetic Drift?
random in the relative frequency of different genotypes in a small population
Reproductive Isolation?
when members of two populations cannot interbreed and produce fertile offspring
Speciation?
the formation of a new and distant species in the course of evolution
Phenotype?
the traits that are seen in a an organism
Dominant Allele?
requiring only one allele for a trait to be expressed in a heterozygous individual
Homozygote?
an individual having two identical alleles for a given trait
Recessive allele?
requiring two of the same alleles in order for a trait to be expressed in a homozygous individual
Ego logical competition?
different species competing for the same resources
Relative Frequency?
the number of times that an allele appears in a gene pool
Disruptive Selection?
individuals at the upper and lower ends of curve have the highest fitness
Mutation?
any change in the genetic sequence
Hardy-Wienberge Principle?
the theory that states that allele frequencies in a population will remain constant unless factors cause those frequencies to change
Single Trait Gene?
a trait that is controlled by only one gene
Behavioural isolation?
when two populations are capable of interbreeding but have different mating strategies or rituals
Temporal isolation?
two or more species reproduce at different times
Heterozygote?
an individual having two different alleles for a given trait
Genepool?
all genes, including all of the different alleles, that are present in an population
