Invertebrates- Porifera

Question 1

Phyla

Answer 1

phylum Porifera (sponges)
multicellular 
heterotrophic
no cell walls
few specialized cells

Question 2

Body Plan

Answer 2

asymmetrical
designed around large central cavity
water circulates through
specialized cells with flagella creates current
water enters through pores and exits through osculum
Feeding, respiration, circulation, and excretion

Question 3

simple skeleton

Answer 3

harder sponges skeleton made of spiny spicules made of calcium carbonate or silica. spicules, made by specialized cells called archae. softer sponges have internal skeleton made of spongin which is a network of flexible protein fibres. archaecoyte (specialized cells that make the sponges skeleton)

Question 4

feeding

Answer 4

Filter feeders –> sift microscopic food

Question 5

digestion

Answer 5

intracellular –> within the cell

Question 6

respiration, circulation and excretion

Answer 6

rely on movement of water through body, dissolved oxygen in water diffuses into surrounding cells, water products and CO2 diffuse from cell into water.

Question 7

response

Answer 7

no nervous system, can produce toxins to defend against predators.

Question 8

reproduction

Answer 8

asexually or sexually. most species of sponges produce both sperm and egg by meiosis.

Question 9

ecology

Answer 9

provide habitat for other organisms –> commensalism. mutualistic relationships with photosynthetic bacteria, algae, and plantlike protists. sessile adult like style attached to sea floor.

Question 10

sexual reproduction

Answer 10

• internal fertilization takes place in sponges bodies, water Current carries sperm from one sponge to another sperm. sperm enters via pores. after fertilization motile larva forms and are carried away in current before settling on sea floor. (fertilization of an egg inside the body)

Question 11

asexual reproduction

Answer 11

1. Budding or 2. Gemmule production. requiring only one parent

Question 12

mutualism

Answer 12

a symbiotic relationship which both individuals benefit

Question 13

intracellular

Answer 13

within the cell

Question 14

gemmules

Answer 14

groups of archaeocytes that are produced in times of unfavourable environmental conditions

Question 15

excretion

Answer 15

the process of removing waste products from the body

Question 16

Porifera

Answer 16

sponges and coral

Question 17

respiration

Answer 17

the process of exchanging gases in the body

Question 18

spongin

Answer 18

a network of flexible fibres in softer sponges

Question 19

commensalism

Answer 19

a symbiotic relationship which only one individual benefits and wit no effect on the other

Question 20

zygote

Answer 20

a fertilized egg

Question 21

protostome

Answer 21

mouth first, anus second

Question 22

spicule

Answer 22

spike-shaped structure of calcium carbonate or silica

Question 23

choanocytes

Answer 23

cells of flagella for creating a current of water

Question 24

diffusion

Answer 24

movement of molecules through a medium form areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration

Question 25

osculum

Answer 25

the opening atop a sponge in which water leaves the sponge

Question 26

larva

Answer 26

a immature developmental stage of an organism