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MD1S1: Anatomy 201 > Types of Joints > Flashcards

Types of Joints Flashcards

1
Q

What is a joint?

A

Site where rigid elements of the skeleton meet

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2
Q

How are joints classified?

A

According to function or structure

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3
Q

What are the functional classifications of joints based on?

A

The amount of movement that the joint allows

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4
Q

What are the structural classifications of joints based on?

A

The material that binds the bones together and on the presence or absence of a joint cavity

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5
Q

What are the classifications of joints according to structure and function?

A

Refer to Lecture 8 - Types of Joints PPT

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6
Q

Functional Classification
Synarthroses

A

Immovable joints

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7
Q

Functional Classification
Amphiarthroses

A

Slight movable joints

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8
Q

Functional Classification
Diarthroses

A

Freely movable joints

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9
Q

Functional Classification
Where can Synarthoses, Amphiarthroses and Diarthroses be found?

A

Synarthroses and Amphiarthroses = Axial Skeleton
Diarthroses = Limbs

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10
Q

Structural Classification
What are fibrous joints?

A

Bones are connected by fibrous tissue
No joint cavity is present
Most fibrous joints are immovable

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11
Q

Structural Classification
Fibrous Joints
Characteristics of Sutures

A

Bones are tightly bound by a minimal amount of fibrous tissue
Edges of the joining bones are wavy and interlocking
Occur only between bones of the skull

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12
Q

Structural Classification
Fibrous Joints
Characteristics of Gomphoses

A

Conical process of one bone fits into the socket in another bone
Only example is tooth with its socket
Short periodontal ligament connects them

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13
Q

Structural Classification
Fibrous Joints
Characteristics of syndesmoses

A

Bones are connected by ligaments (bands of fibrous tissue)
Amount of movement depends on length of connecting fibers

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14
Q

Structural Classification
Fibrous Joints
Syndesmoses
How does the length of connecting fibers in syndesmoses affect the movement of bones?

A

Short Ligament = No movement. E.g.: Distal Tibio–Fibular Joint
Long Ligament = Large amount of movement. E.g.: Middle Radio–Ulnar Joint (Interosseous Membrane between radius and ulna)

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15
Q

Structural Classification
What are cartilaginous joints?

A

The articulating bones are united by cartilage
Lack a joint cavity
Some are slightly movable

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16
Q

Structural Classification
Cartilaginous Joints
Primary Cartilaginous Joints

A

Hyaline cartilage unites the bones
Synarthroses (immovable)
E.g.: Epiphyseal plates, Joint between first rib’s costal cartilage and manubrium

17
Q

Structural Classification
Cartilaginous Joints
Secondary Cartilaginous Joints

A

Fibrocartilage unites the bones
Slightly movable
Shock absorber
Provide strength and flexibility
Hyaline cartilage on articular surfaces of bones to reduce friction
E.g.: Intervertebral Discs and Pubic Symphysis

18
Q

Structural Classifications
What are synovial joints?

A

Include most of the body’s joints
All are diarthroses (freely movable)
All contain fluid-filled joint cavity

19
Q

Structural Classifications
Synovial Joints
Components of a Synovial Joint

A

Articular Cartilage
Joint/Synovial Cavity
Joint Capsule
Synovial Fluid
Ligaments

20
Q

Structural Classifications
Synovial Joints
Functions of Articular Cartilage

A

Reduces friction
Absorbs shock

21
Q

Structural Classifications
Synovial Joints
Characteristics of Joint Cavity

A

Potential space
Contains small amount of synovial fluid

22
Q

Structural Classifications
Synovial Joints
Characteristics of Joint Capsule

A

Surrounds joint
Made from two layers: Outer Fibrous Capsule and Inner Synovial Membrane

23
Q

Structural Classifications
Synovial Joints
Joint Capsule
What forms the Outer Fibrous Capsule?

A

Dense irregular connective tissue

24
Q

Structural Classifications
Synovial Joints
Joint Capsule
Characteristics of the Inner Synovial Membrane

A

Formed from loose connective tissue
Lines fibrous capsule
It secretes synovial fluid

25
Q

Structural Classifications
Synovial Joints
Characteristics of Synovial Fluid

A

Contains hyaluronic acid
Slippery
Cartilage’s nutrition

26
Q

Structural Classifications
Synovial Joints
Characteristics of Ligaments

A

Strengthen the capsule
Includes Extra-Capsular Ligaments and Intra-Capsular Ligaments (cruciate ligaments)

27
Q

Structural Classifications
Synovial Joints
How can joints be classified according to number of bones?

A

Simple - 2 bones e.g. shoulder joint
Compound - >2 bones e.g. knee
Complex - Articular disc between, e.g. temperomandibular joint

28
Q

Structural Classification
Synovial Joints
How can joint be classified according to their axis of movement?

A

Uniaxial e.g., elbow joint
Biaxial e.g., wrist joint
Multiaxial e.g., hip joint

29
Q

Structural Classifications
Synovial Joints
Axis of movement
What are the potential axes of movement?

A

Flexion and extension around the horizontal axis
Adduction and abduction around the antero-posterior axis
Medial and lateral rotation around the vertical axis

30
Q

Structural Classifications
Synovial Joints
How can joints be classified according to their shape?

A

BISHEPP
Ball and socket synovial
Saddle synovial
Hinge synovial
Condyloid/Ellipsoid synovial
Plane synovial
Pivot synovial

31
Q

Structural Classifications
Synovial Joints
Shape
Plane synovial joints

A

Bone surfaces are flat
Allow only gliding movements
E.g. Inter-carpal, inter-tarsal joints, vertebrocostal joints

32
Q

Structural Classifications
Synovial Joints
Shape
Hinge synovial joints

A

Convex cylindrical surface of one bone fits into concave surface of 2nd bone
It allows flexion/extension movement
It is uniaxial
E.g. elbow joint

33
Q

Structural Classifications
Synovial Joints
Shape
Pivot synovial

A

Rounded surface of bone rotates within ring formed by 2nd bone & ligament
It allows rotation movement
It is uniaxial
E.g. proximal radio-ulnar joint, atlanto-axial joint

34
Q

Structural Classifications
Synovial Joints
Shape
Saddle synovial

A

One bone saddle shaped, other bone fits in reciprocally
It is biaxial
It allows adduction/abduction & flexion/extension
E.g. Trapezium and metacarpal bone of thumb (first carpo-metacarpal joint)

35
Q

Structural Classifications
Synovial Joints
Shape
Condyloid/Ellipsoid synovial

A

Oval shaped projection fits into oval depression
It is biaxial
It allows adduction/abduction & flexion/extension
E.g. wrist

36
Q

Structural Classifications
Synovial Joints
Shape
Ball and socket synovial

A

Ball fitting into a cup like depression
It is multi–axial
It allows adduction/abduction & flexion/extension and medial/lateral rotation
E.g. shoulder and hip joints

MD1S1: Anatomy 201 (24 decks)

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