Types of Bones Flashcards
What are the main functions of the skeletal system?
- Support
- Locomotion
- Protection
- Storage
- Haemopoiesis
Haemopoiesis refers to the production of blood cells in the bone marrow.
What are long bones characterized by?
Proportionally longer than they are wide, with a central marrow cavity and proximal and distal epiphysis
Typical examples include femur and humerus.
What type of bones are about as long as they are wide?
Short bones
Examples include carpals and tarsals.
What is the structure of flat bones?
Two plates of compact bone with spongy bone in between
They do not have a marrow cavity but have small irregular marrow spaces.
What are irregular bones?
Bones with a similar structure to short bones but less uniform in shape
Examples include vertebrae.
What are sesamoid bones?
Bones shaped like sesame seeds that develop within a tendon
Example: Patella.
What are pneumatic bones?
Bones that contain air-filled spaces known as sinuses
Examples include maxillary and frontal bones.
What are splanchnic bones?
Bones that develop in a soft organ and are unattached to the rest of the skeleton
Example: Os penis.
What is compact bone?
Dense or cortical bone that constitutes the exterior of most bones
Forms almost the entire shaft of long bones.
What is cancellous (spongy) bone characterized by?
Loosely arranged bony plates or spicules known as trabeculae
These are aligned according to the mechanical stress experienced by the bones.
What is the medullary cavity?
The hollow shaft of long bones that contains the marrow
In young animals, it contains red marrow, which may change to yellow marrow as they age.
What is the epiphysis of a long bone?
The end line of a long bone
It includes proximal and distal epiphyses.
What is the diaphysis?
The body of the long bone between the epiphysis
It is the main shaft of the long bone.
What is the metaphysis?
The region between the diaphysis and epiphysis in mature bone
It is flared adjacent to the epiphysis.
What does the axial skeleton consist of?
Skull, mandible, vertebrae, and sternum
It runs from the skull to the tip of the tail.
What is included in the appendicular skeleton?
Pectoral and pelvic limbs, shoulder and pelvic girdles
These attach the limbs to the body.
What is the average total count of bones in the canine skeleton?
321
This includes all components of the axial, appendicular, and splanchnic skeletons.
