types f observations Flashcards
what are the types of observations?
naturalistic structured participant non participant overt covert
what is a naturalistic observation?
researchers observe a behaviour that is naturally occurring and take place in a participants natural environment
what are the strengths of a N observation?
- mundane validity
- increased ecological validity
what is a weakness of N obs?
-harder to control, many extraneous variable that may effect results
what is a structured obs?
researcher attempts to control certain variables in the environment
likely to be carried out in a psychology environment
with a standardised procedure
bandura
strengths of S obs?
higher level of controls internal validity
reliable
weakness of S obs?
- lack ecological validity
- demand characteristics
what is a participant observation?
`when the researcher joins the observation groups, takes part allowing an insiders perspective
what are strengths of participant?
- rich qualitative data
- easier to study and understand behaviour
- builds trust
weaknesses of participant?
observer may become emotionally involved meaning results may become subjective to opinion bias
presence of observer may change the groups dynamic
what is a overt obs?
participants are aware that they are being observed
what is a covert obs?
ppt unaware
strength of overt?
ethical
weakness of overt?
behaviour displayed may not be natural
what is a strength of covert
reduces demand characteristics
if you decide to tally behaviour what two types can be used?
event sampling
time sampling
what is time sampling?
this is where you make a tally of behaviour at a chosen time interval
every minute for twenty seconds
what is event sampling?
behaviour is recorded every time it is seen
