social learning theory Flashcards
how does SLT explain behaviour?
that we learn through observation of others
who was the study develped by?
bandura
what are the steps in observational learning?
behaviour is modelled by a role model
observer identifies with the role model
behaviour is observed and noted
behaviour is then imitated
what does repetition of behaviour depend on?
reinforcement and punishments seen
what are the cognitive processes in observational learning?
attention
retention
reproduction
motivation
what is attention?
person needs to pay attention to the target behaviour, if they do not it will not be remembered (MSM
what is retention?
having the ability to hold the information
being able to remember it
younger children may struggle as dont have the same cognitive ability
what is reproduction?
being able to reproduce behaviour having the appropriate skills to do so
eg having the equipment and physical ability
what is motivation?
being motvated to carry out behaviour also includes being the right circumstances
influenced by rewards
what is vicarious reinforcement?
seeing the consequences of behaviour on the role model and deciding whether to copy the behaviout
what is vicarious extinction?
if the observer sees model not being rewarded then they may stop doing behaviour
is reinforcement needed in modelling?
no but it can affect when and where behaviour is shown
eg children may only swear at schools
what are the four aspects of vicarious reinforcement?
modelling effect
eliciting effect
dis inhibiting effect
inhibitory effect
what is the modelling effect?
people directly copy a behaviour they would not have done before seeing it
what is the eliciting effect?
observer copies behaviour but is a slightly different way
what is the dis inhibiting effect?
someone who would not normally do a particular action does so when seeing no negative consequences
what is the inhibiting effect?
people stop doing behaviour as thy see someone punished for it
what are the characteristics of the models that encourages modelling?
- same gender
- similar age
- seen as important
- observer seem to relate to the role model
- a high status
what are individual differences in SLT?
- depends on cognitive ability
- how a person feels about their ability to succeed
why is the theory seen as more complete compared to others?
it takes into account individual cognitive processes
such as retention
also explains the aquisition of new behaviours rather than CC which is just association between existing behaviours
what did cook and mineka do?
demostrated observational learning of fear in monkeys
made to watch a video of another monkey reacting t a toy snake
found that after couple exposures they too also showed fear
