Type 2 Metabolic Syndrome

Question 1

when is the onset?

Answer 1

adult onset

*exception: MODY

Question 2

what happens to beta cells?

Answer 2

nothing; they are intact, number is not diminished, no autoimmunity

Question 3

what is happening with insulin?

Answer 3

its not being produced at the right time, not enough is being produced, or its not effective at target cells = relative insulin deficiency

Question 4

insulin resistance

Answer 4

in hyperglycemic states, the presence of insulin doesn’t induce a hypoglycemic response

Question 5

what happens with secretion of insulin?

Answer 5

insulin secretion is delayed

Question 6

what is defective?

Answer 6

target cell response

Question 7

hepatic glucogenesis

Answer 7

formation of glucose (breakdown of glycogen in liver) because glucose isn’t effective at site and the cells are glucose-deprived, so the liver releases more glucose (furthering hyperglycemia)

Question 8

insulin levels in the body for ___ can be…

Answer 8

T2; can be normal, decreased, or increased; insulin levels can’t be used to make a Dx as they can in T1

Question 9

in T1, insulin levels are…

Answer 9

insulin levels are decreased d/t autoimmune destruction

Question 10

what does Type 2 diabetes result from?

Answer 10

1) altered genes (ie. glucokinase gene)
2) inability to phosphorylate glucose means liver can’t store it
3) more glucose in bloodstream = hyperglycemia

Question 11

In t2, insulin resistance occurs when…

Answer 11

• presence of insulin doesn’t give intended hypoglycemic effect
• liver will increase glucose release in response to perceived lack of glucose contributing to hyperglycemia