Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Endocrine > Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus > Flashcards

Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus Flashcards

1
Q

What is T1DM?

A

Autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What can precipitate the autoimmune attack in T1DM?

A

Viral
Weight gain
Maternal factors
Genetics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What gene has been implicated in both T1 and T2DM?

A

HLA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What autoantibodies are raised in T1DM?

A

GAD
ZnT8
IAA
Ia-2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Which are the two important autoantibodies to know?

A

GAD

ZnT8

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What other autoimmune conditions are associated with T1DM?

A 
Thyroid disease
Coeliacs
Pernicious anaemia
Addison's disease
IgA deficiency
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How does T1DM tend to present?

A 
Usually lean- obesity can show it earlier though
Weight loss
Thirst
Urination
Fatigue
DKA
Recurrent infections
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How do you diagnose T1DM?

A

Fasting blood glucose
OGTT
Random blood glucose + symptoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What three things can be useful in helping diagnosis but not used to diagnose?

A

HbA1c
C-peptide
GAD65 and ZnT8 antibodies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the ranges for fasting blood glucose?

A

<6mmol/l normal
6.1-6.9mmol/l prediabetes
>7mmol/l diabetes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the ranges for OGTT?

A

<7.7mmol/l normal
7.8-11 mmol/l prediabetic
>11.1 mmol/l diabetic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What must a random blood glucose be for diabetes to be diagnosed?

A

> 11.1 mmol/l

Plus symptomatic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the ranges for HbA1c?

A

<41 normal
42-47 prediabetic
>48 diabetic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the three stages of diabetes?

A

Stage 1
Stage 2
Stage 3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What characterises stage 1 T1DM?

A

Normal glucose and no symptoms but have antibodies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What characterises stage 2 T1DM?

A

No symptoms but dysregulated glucose

17
Q

What characterises stage 3 T1DM?

A

Hyperglycemia and symptoms.

This is when diagnosis is made.

18
Q

What are the two special forms of T1DM?

A

Idiopathic

Latent Autoimmune Diabetes of Adults

19
Q

What is idiopathic T1DM?

A

No evidence of beta cell autoimmunity but have permanent insulinopenia and prone to DKA.

20
Q

What is LADA?

A

T1DM that develops in adults.

21
Q

How does LADA usually present?

A 
Mainly in males
25+
Usually lean
Antibody positive
Other autoimmune conditions
22
Q

Is T1DM commonly associated with coeliac disease?

A

Yes

Endocrine (23 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions