Obesity Flashcards
What three complications can obesity cause in the head?
Intracranial hypertension
Stroke
Cataracts
What two complications can obesity cause in the thorax?
Pulmonary disease
CHD
What four complications can obesity cause in the abdomen?
Pancreatitis
NAFLD
Gallbladder disease
Gynecological abnormalities
What two complications can obesity cause in the lower limb?
Osteoarthritis
Venous stasis
What five systemic complications can obesity cause?
Gout Infection DIabetes Dyslipidemia Hypertension
What seven cancers can obesity increase your risk of?
Breast Uterus Kidney Colon Oesophageal Pancreatic Gallbladder
What are the two main measures of obesity?
BMI
Waist circumference
What are the cut offs for BMI categories in whites?
UW <18.5 Healthy 18.5-24.9 Overweight 25-29.9 Obese 30-34.9 Morbidly obese >35
What are the cut offs for BMI in Asians, Indonesians etc?
UW <18.5
Healthy 18.5-23
Overweight 23-27.5
Obese >27.5
What are the waist circumference categories and their cut offs in white males?
Normal <90cm
Overweight 90-94cm
Obese >94cm
What are the waist circumference categories and their cut offs in females?
Normal <80cm
Overweight 80-88cm
Obese >88cm
What are the waist circumference categories and their cut offs in Asian males?
Normal <90cm
Overweight >90
What are some risk factors for developing obesity?
Deprivation Child of obese Rapid weight gainers Post obese Smoking quitters Pregnant Physical inactivity Ethnic groups Genetics
What are the three main drivers for obesity?
Increased availability to cheap energy dense food
Increased food marketing
Decreased physical activity
What are the best ways to prevent obesity?
Decreased energy intake
Decrease sedentary behaviours
Increased physical activity
What are the three policy targets for changing obesity?
Consumer environment
Systems
Behaviour change
Give examples of consumer environment policy targets
Make healthier food cheaper
Provide info on healthy foods and exercise
Give examples of system policy targets
Make it easier to distribute healthy foods
Change marketing
Make physical activity easier to access
Give examples of Behaviour change policy targets
Educate people on healthy options
Teach to cook
Teach sports
What peptides of interest can adipocytes secrete?
Leptin Adiponectin CRP TNF alpha IL-6 Oestrogen Cortisol
What happens when an adipocyte swells too much?
It becomes inflamed leading to insulin insensitivity.
What are four ways we can treat obesity?
Diet control
Exercise
Drugs
Surgery
Why is diet control favoured in the morbidly obese?
Due to lack of capacity to exercise.
What is the only drug approved for obesity control in the UK?
Orlistat
