Tx in Pain Management Flashcards
NSAIDs examples ?
Acetylsalicylic Acid (Aspirin) Acetaminophen (Tylenol) Ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin, Nuprin) Meloxicam (Mobic) Naproxen Sodium (Aleve, Anaprox) Diclofenac/misoprostol (Arthrotec, Cytotec)
Cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox-2) Inhibitors
examples ?
Celecoxib (Celebrex)
Antispasmodic’s
examples ?
Metaxalone (Skelaxin)
Cyclobenzaprine (Flexeril)
Disease-Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs ?
Methotrexate (Rheumatrex)
Leflunomide (Arava)
Hydroxychloroquine (Plaquenil)
Tumor Necrosis Factor (Tnf) Inhibitors ?
infliximab (Remicade)
etanercept (Embrel)
Adalimumab (Humira)
Steroids ?
Hydrocortisone (Solu-Cortef)
Prednisone (Deltasone)
Methylprednisolone (Solu-Medrol)
Drugs Used to Treat Gout ?
Indomethacin (Indocin)
Allopurinol (Zyloprim)
Colchicine (Generic)
Probenecid (Probalan)
Sulfinpyrazone (Anturane)
Acute Pain facts ?
The most common reason for a patient to consult a physician’s assistance
More than 17 million people took six days in 1995 due to pain conditions
One of adults 65 years and older experience low back pain
3/5 of adults 65 and older say their pain lasted one year more
Arthritis, back pain, cancer and headaches are the major contributors of pain
68% of American adults experience some sort of back
pain in their lifetime
70% of cancer patients suffer from significant pain
Definition of pain ?
Bodily, mental or emotional suffering due to injury or illness
Pain or unpleasant sensory and emotional experience arising from actual or perceived tissue damage
Chronic pain lasts for more than three months while the key thing has an identifiable cause or cure end point
Both adults and children experience pain however children are less able to describe their pain
Acute pain ?
Generally considered nociceptive pain
Pain that follows the usual pain sensory pathways
Responses with elevation in blood pressure, increased pulse and diaphoresis
__________ pain is caused by stimulation of peripheral nerve fibers that respond only to stimuli
Nociceptive
How is pain classified ?
Classified according to the mode of noxious stimulation
Most common pain ?
Thermal (e.g. heat or cold)
Mechanical (e.g. crushing, tearing, shearing, etc.)
Chemical (e.g. iodine in a cut or chemicals)
Nociceptive pain may also be divided into ?
Visceral
“deep somatic” pain
“superficial somatic” pain
_______ structures are highly sensitive to stretch, ischemia and inflammation
Visceral
Visceral pain is ?
diffuse
difficult to locate
Visceral pain may be accompanied by ?
N / V
Visceral pain description ?
May be described as sickening, deep, squeezing, and dull
Deep somatic pain ?
stimulation of nociceptors in ligaments, tendons, bones, blood vessels, fasciae and muscles
Deep somatic pain description ?
dull, aching, poorly-localized pain
Deep somatic pain examples ?
Ankle sprain
Fractures
___________ pain is initiated by activation of nociceptors
Superficial
Superficial pain where is it and description ?
In the superficial tissue of skin
sharp, well-defined and clearly located
Superficial pain examples ?
Injuries that produce superficial somatic pain
minor wounds and minor (first degree) burns