Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

381 - Biochemistry (COMPLETED) > Tutorial - Week 1 - Revision of chemical bonds & biochemical calculations > Flashcards

Tutorial - Week 1 - Revision of chemical bonds & biochemical calculations Flashcards

1
Q

What is valency?

A

The number of electrons an atom can accept into it’s outer (valence) shell in order to have a full outer shell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Name the element and it’s valency

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Interactions between atoms result in
_____________

A

Chemical bonds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the types of chemical bonds?

A

Covalent bonds, ionic bonds, hydrogen bonds, van der Waals interactions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

___________ bonds hold atoms together to form _________ molecules.

A

Covalent

stable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Define Polar covalent bonds and give an example

A

The electrons are unequally shared by the atoms and spend more time close to one atom than the other.

For instance in the O-H bond, the O is more electronegative and
slightly negative (d-), whereas the H is more positive (d+)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Define non polar covalent bonds and give examples

A

The electrons are shared by the
atoms more or less equally (e.g. H2, O2, CH4)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

T/F: covalent bonds are weak and break easily

A

False: Covalent bonds are stable, and don’t break easily

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

T/F: Covalent bonds are stronger than ionic bonds.

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the types of diagrams for visualising chemical bonding?

A

Electron distribution diagram

Lewis dot structure and structural formula

Space-filling model

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

List the name and molecular formula and draw all the diagrams for visualising hydrogen (H2)

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

List the name and molecular formula and draw all the diagrams for visualising oxygen (O2)

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

List the name and molecular formula and draw all the diagrams for visualising Water (H2O)

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

List the name and molecular formula and draw all the diagrams for visualising methane (CH4)

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the difference between covalent and ionic bonds?

A

Covalent bonds are when atoms share electrons and are bonded together due to their electron shells being filled.

Ionic bonds occur when two charges elements attract each other and stay together due to the attraction of the charge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is hydrogen bonding? Give an example

A

Is an electrostatic attractions between a H-atom in a polar covalent bond with a atom,
or chemical group, with a pair of electrons.
(e.g. in the O-H bond in the water molecule, the H will have a slight positive charge,
because the electrons are pulled more strongly towards the O. Therefore the H will be
attracted to neighbouring atoms with lone electrons).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Some functional groups are H-bonds _________ (_____,_____), and others can work as H-bonds _________ (_______,________).

A

Donors - OH, NH2

Acceptors - C=O, C-N

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Which side are the hydrogen donors and which side the hydrogen acceptors?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Where are the hydrogen bonds in these?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Are h-bonds stronger or weaker than covalent and ionic?

A

Weaker

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is one of the most important, if not the most important h-bond in life?

A

The h-bonds in between complimentary bases of DNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Are h-bonds intermolecular or intramolecular?

A

Both!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

In terms of van der Waals forces:

Where do they normally occur?

A

Normally occur between neutral apolar molecules/groups with non-polar covalent bonds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

In terms of van der Waals forces:

When do they normally occur?

A

It occurs when electron distribution around an atom undergoes fluctuations, which create instantaneous dipoles
(positive and negative)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

In terms of van der Waals forces, what special conditions for the molecules needs to happen?

A

The molecules/groups need to be very close together.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What are van der Waals/London dispersion forces sometimes referred to as?

A

Hydrophobic interactions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

How strong are individual van der Waals interactions? How strong can the overall interaction be?

Example?

A

Weak when they are individual but can be strong when many atoms/groups are close together.

Gekko’s use these forces to stick to walls

28
Q

What is the force in the image?

A

van der Waals/London dispersion forces

29
Q

What is the hydrophobic effect?

Do they interact with water?

A

The aggregation of nonpolar molecules in aqueous solution, excluding water molecules; Hydrophobic groups interact with each other to avoid contact with water.

30
Q

Is the hydrophobic effect a chemical bond?

A

Not exactly a chemical bond but the exclusion of water is promoted by hydrophobia

31
Q

The close proximity of hydrophobic groups due to hydrophobic effect can lead to ____________________

A

van der Waals interactions

32
Q

What is the hydrophobic effect important for?

A

This effect is important for the arrangement of lipids in cell membranes, and in protein folding.

33
Q

What bond/effect is this?

A

The hydrophobic effect

34
Q

Label each of these non-covalent bonds between biomolecules when in aqueous solvent

A
35
Q

Biomolecules are compounds of ________ with a variety of _________________

A

carbon

functional groups

36
Q

The chemistry of living organisms is organised around ________

A

carbon

37
Q

Carbon (C) can form (list all 4)

A
  1. Single covalent bonds with hydrogen atoms (H)
  2. Single or double bonds with oxygen (O) and nitrogen (N) atoms
  3. Can form single bonds with up to four other C atoms
  4. Two carbon atoms can share two (or three) electron pairs to form double (or triple) bonds.
38
Q

Which has the highest bond strength? Which has the lowest?

A
39
Q

As bond strength ________, the atoms in the bond are pulled more tightly together and the length ________

A

increases

decreases

40
Q

The strength of a bond is measured by the ______ _________ ____ _______ ___. The stronger the bond, the greater the
energy required to break it.

A

energy required to break it

41
Q
A
42
Q
A
43
Q
A
44
Q

What are functional groups?

A
  • chemical groups that can participate in chemical reactions, some of the functional groups are important
    for the formation of biological molecules (i.e. DNA, proteins, carbohydrates and lipids)
45
Q

Name all examples of functional groups

A
  • Hydroxyl group (OH), present in alcohol molecules
  • Carbonyl (C=O), part of other functional groups
  • Carboxyl/carboxylic acid (COOH/ COO-)
  • Amino group (NH2/NH3+)
  • Sulfhydryl/thiol group (SH)
  • Phosphate group (OPO3H2/OPO32-)
  • Methyl group (CH3), common in biomolecules
46
Q
A
47
Q
A
48
Q
A
49
Q

_________, is an abbreviation and any group, in which a carbon or hydrogen atom is attached to the rest of the molecule

A

R-group

50
Q

Functional groups are collections of _________
attached to the ____________ of an organic
molecule and confer __________ ___________.

A

atoms

carbon skeleton

specific properties

51
Q

How many functional groups minimum does every single biomolecule have?

A

At least one

52
Q

What are the four types of macromolecules?

A

Proteins

Carbohydrates

Lipids

Nucleic acid

53
Q

Name all these molecules

A
54
Q

Are these polar or non-polar groups?

A
55
Q

_______________: are hydrophilic (i.e. ‘water- loving’, dissolve easily in water), can form H-bonds with water

A

Polar molecules/groups

56
Q

Polar molecules/groups: are ___________ (i.e. ‘water- loving’, dissolve easily in water), can form ______________________

A

hydrophilic

H-bonds with water

57
Q

_________________: are hydrophobic (i.e. ‘water phobia’, do not dissolve in water). They cannot form H-bonds with water.

A

Non-polar molecules/groups

58
Q

Amphipathic molecules: possess ________ and _________ ___________

A

polar

non-polar groups

59
Q

Name the reactants, coefficients, products, and reactant side and product side

A
60
Q

Chemical reactions occur when ____________ between atoms are _________ or _______.

A

chemical bonds

formed

broken

61
Q

The substances that go into a chemical reaction are called _____________ or ____________, and the substances produced at end of the reaction are ___________.

A

reactants or substrates

products

62
Q

Equations must be balanced to reflect the law of __________________ which is ____________________________________

A

conservation of matter

no atoms are created or destroyed in a normal chemical reaction

63
Q

List the following equations used in the labs:

  1. Calculate concentration
  2. Make dilution
  3. Determine number of moles
  4. Use lambert-beer law
A
64
Q

Write the calculations checklist

A
65
Q
A
66
Q
A

381 - Biochemistry (COMPLETED) (47 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions