Key Concepts - Week 5

Question 1

Summary point: Lipids are __________________ cellular components - explain

Answer 1

water-insoluble

Question 2

Summary point: Almost all fatty acids (the _____________ components of many lipids) have an ________ number of carbon atoms (usually _____ to _______); they are either ___________ or ___________, with ________ bonds almost always in the ____ configuration.

Answer 2

hydrocarbon

even

12 to 24

saturated

unsaturated

double

cis

Question 3

Summary point: Triacylglycerols contain ______ fatty acid molecules ____________ (1. what does this mean?) to the three _________ groups of glycerol. ________ triacylglycerols contain only one type of fatty acid; _______ triacylglycerols contain two or three types.

Answer 3

three

esterified

1. changed into an ester (= a chemical compound produced by a reaction between an acid and an alcohol, in which the hydrogen of the acid has been replaced by an alkyl group of atoms): Esterified oils produce less greasy donuts than liquid oils, but they are expensive and can have flavour issues

hydroxyl

Simple

mixed

Question 4

Summary point: Triacylglycerols are present in many foods and are primarily used for…?

Answer 4

Storing energy and providing insulation in animals

Question 5

Summary point: Many natural fats can easily turn _______, _______________ has been used to extend their shelf life. This process can produce ____________ which increase risk for ___________________. As a result, their use in prepared and processed foods has become highly regulated.

Answer 5

rancid

partial hydrogenation

trans fatty acids

coronary heart disease

Question 6

Summary point: Waxes are ________ of ________________ and ___________________ with application in biology and industry.

Answer 6

esters

long-chain fatty acids

long-chain alcohols