Turning

Question 1

Max load factor for non aerobatic ac

Answer 1

2.5g

Question 2

Centripetal Force

Answer 2

Unbalance force maintain turn
Constant acceleration towards centre of the turn

Question 3

Calculation for Cos(0) in a vertical force in turn

Answer 3

Cos0 = Weight
———
Lift

Question 4

Load factor in a turn formula

Answer 4

L/W (load factor) = 1/cos(0)

Question 5

Centripetal force in turn formula

Answer 5

Mass (kg) x Velocity (m/s)
————————————
Turn radius

Question 6

Turn Radius Formula

Answer 6

Velocity2 (M/S)
———————
Gravity x radius (Tan0)

1) Convert TAS to MS
2) 10 x Tan(angle)
3) M/S2
——
Answer

Question 7

Turn Radius Only depends on

Answer 7

Angle of bank & TAS

Mass has no effect on turning

Question 8

How do you find how long it will take to turn through 360 degrees?

Answer 8

Velocity2
————-
10 x tan(AOB)

2 x 3.14 x radius

Time = distance/speed

Question 9

Rate 1 Turn

Answer 9

3 degrees per second
180 degrees in 1 minute
360 degrees in 2 minutes

Question 10

Rate 2 turn

Answer 10

6 degrees per second

Question 11

Rate 1 turn formula

Answer 11

TAS
——- + 7
10

Question 12

Speed on turn radius

Answer 12

Double speed the radius will be x4 bigger

Question 13

Altitude of turn performance

Answer 13

Best turn performance at sea level is greater than at cruise altitude

TAS increase with altitude therefore turn radius increases

Question 14

Rate of turn formula

Answer 14

TAS (m/s)
————-
Radius

Question 15

Skid is

Answer 15

Not enough bank in turn

Outside wing advancing inside wing is retreating.

Skidding into the turn

Apply opposite rudder input to turn
Step on the ball

Question 16

Slip

Answer 16

Too much bank in turn

Low wing is advancing and outside wing retreating. Inside wing moving faster.

Apply rudder in same direction as the turn

Question 17

Turn Performance determined by x3 factors

Answer 17

Max lifting capability - high clmax/low wing loading

Structural strength

Thrust - excess thrust greater turning performance

Question 18

Rate of turn vs turn radius

Answer 18

Rate of turn is the change in direction over time

Turn radius is the size of the arc made by turning

Question 19

Double the speed of rate of turn

Answer 19

Turn radius will increase by x4

TAS (m/s)
————-
Radius

X 2
——
X 4

= 0.5

Rate of turn half’s

Question 20

Rate of turn

Answer 20

Measured in degrees of heading change per second and it called angular velocity

Question 21

When you turn with no rudder there is natural tendency to

Answer 21

Slip

Question 22

If centripetal force decreases what happens to the radius of a turn

Answer 22

Smaller centripetal force the rate of turn will increases

A larger centripetal force towards centre of turn will give a smaller radius

Question 23

Altitude on turn radius

Answer 23

Increase in altitude means higher TAS

Radius of turn will increase higher altitude due to higher TAS compared to sea level

Question 24

Bank angle is

Answer 24

The angle between the lateral axis and the horizon

Rotates around the longitudinal axis

Question 25

When is a turn coordinated

Answer 25

The longitudinal axis of the aeroplane at the CG is tangential to the flight path

Question 26

How do you calculate the centripetal force in a turn

Answer 26

Weight (N) x tan()

Question 27

How do you calculate centripetal force in a turn from the lift vector

Answer 27

Lift x sin(bank angle)