Limitations

Question 1

Load Limit Is

Answer 1

Max load expected in services

Question 2

Ultimate Load Limit

Answer 2

Failing of a structure 1.5 times to load limit

Question 3

Load Limit for CS25

Answer 3

2.5G

Question 4

Load Limit for CS23 commuter

Answer 4

3.8G

Question 5

Load Limit for a CS23 utility

Answer 5

4.4G

Question 6

Load Limit for CS23 aerobatics

Answer 6

6G

Question 7

Manoeuvre Envelope

Answer 7

Referred to as the Vn diagram (load factor against EAS)

The set out envelope we fly within

Question 8

Stall Boundary in the Vn graph is where

Answer 8

Left had side of the envelope below the va speed

Question 9

Vd

Answer 9

Design speed - used by engineer to structural will be the speed at which ac structure fails if falls outside this

Vibration and flutter likely

Question 10

Va

Answer 10

Design Manoeuvre speed

Highest speed at which sudden full up elevator can be made without exceeding limit load factor

Question 11

Va - Design Manoeuvre speed varies with

Answer 11

Mass - higher mass gives us a greater va

Altitude - va increases with altitude

Question 12

Vc is

Answer 12

The design cruise speed

Faster than vb to cope with inadvertent speed increases by turbulence

Must be 32% more than VB

Question 13

Vb

Answer 13

Design speed for max gust intensity

Question 14

Vmo

Answer 14

Maximum operating speed

Question 15

MNO

Answer 15

Max operating speed at altitude when flying with a Mach number

Question 16

VLE

Answer 16

Max landing gear extended speed

Question 17

VLO

Answer 17

Max speed when extending landing gear

Speed lower than VLE

Question 18

VFE

Answer 18

Maximum flaps extension speed

Reduces max load factor

Question 19

Vra

Answer 19

Turbulence penetration speed

Must be 35kt below vmo

Question 20

Vne

Answer 20

Small aeroplane never exceed speed
Set at 0.9 VD
Red radial line on ASI
Small margin

Question 21

VNO

Answer 21

Maximum structural cruise speed
Cannot be faster than VC
0.89 of Vne

Question 22

Gust Loads

Answer 22

Sudden extra load felt through turbulence vertically

Question 23

How do you cope with a gust load

Answer 23

Maintain altitude and allow ac to respond naturally to severe up/down droughts

Question 24

Gust loads what to do with speed and altitude

Answer 24

Fly close to Vb and descend if near aerodynamic ceiling

Question 25

Altitude on gust load factor

Answer 25

Low altitude means higher gust load factor Higher altitude means lower gust factor

Question 26

Mass on load factor

Answer 26

Higher the mass the lower the load factor Lower the mass the greater the load factor

Question 27

Wing loading on load factor

Answer 27

Low wing loading has a higher load factor High wing load has a lower load factor

Question 28

Airspeed on wing load

Answer 28

Higher airspeed has a higher load factor increase Lower airspeed has a lower load factor increase

Question 29

Load factor is proportional to

Answer 29

Wing area AOA EAS

Question 30

Wing load is inversely proportional to

Answer 30

Wing loading Mass Altitude

Question 31

Where does the gust load factor envelope start for speed and load factor on the graph

Answer 31

LF - 1 VS - 0

Question 32

Vb Gust load factor

Answer 32

+-66FPS

Question 33

Vc gust load factor FPS

Answer 33

+-50fps

Question 34

VD gust load factor fps

Answer 34

+-25FPS

Question 35

Resonance

Answer 35

Mass/stiffness determine natural frequency of oscillations Flutter - mass balancing and putting mass in front of hinge line

Question 36

What needs to be taken into account when determining Va?

Answer 36

The Limit Load factor

Question 37

How do you calculate Va from VS1

Answer 37

Find limiting load factor (4.4/2.5g etc) Use three step method to calculate VA from limiting load factor a load factor at 1G

Question 38

VNo must not be greater than what of VNE

Answer 38

0.89

Question 39

Large transport ac VC to VD negative load factor limit

Answer 39

VC -1 VD 0

Question 40

MMO VMO applies to

Answer 40

CS23/S25

Question 41

VNO and VNE apples to

Answer 41

CS23

Question 42

Load Limit of a CS25 AC with flaps extended

Answer 42

2.0g

Question 43

Design speeds and design gust values are

Answer 43

EAS