Level Flight And Climb

Question 1

Forces in level flight

Answer 1

Lift = Weight
Thrust = Drag

Question 2

Where does weight act

Answer 2

Through the CG
CG should always be in front of the CP

Question 3

Turning Moments in level flight must be

Answer 3

Equal and opposite

Question 4

Lift Weight Couple

Answer 4

CG is in front of CP = nose down pitch moment
Counter balanced by force produced at tailplane

Question 5

Trim Drag

Answer 5

Increased induced drag by the tailplane downforces

Question 6

Thrust Drag Couple

Answer 6

Underslung engines the centre of thrust below centre of drag
Nose up pitching moment

Question 7

Best angle of climb

Answer 7

Referred to as Vx Speed
Gives the steepest climb angle
Avoid nearby obstacles
Steep

Question 8

Best rate of climb

Answer 8

Referred to as Vy speed
Lower angle of climb than Vx
Gives best rate of climb to give highest vertical speed

Question 9

Flight path angle

Answer 9

Angle between aircraft’s trajectory and the local horizontal
Symbol y - gamma
Effected by wind

Question 10

Climb Angle

Answer 10

Angle between ac path through the air and local horizontal
Represented by symbol 0 theta
Does not take wind into account

Question 11

Pitch Angle

Answer 11

Angle between ac longitudinal axis and horizontal - displayed on attitude indicator

Flight path angle + AOA

Question 12

Forces parallel to flight path in climb

Answer 12

SinY = T - D
——-
Weight

Question 13

Forces perpendicular to flight path

Answer 13

L = Wcosy

Question 14

Lift varies with

Answer 14

Cosine of climb angle

Question 15

Thrust component varies with

Answer 15

Sine of angle

Question 16

Forces in a climb formulas are

Answer 16

L = W x CosY
T = D + W x SinY

Question 17

Altitude effect on climb angle

Answer 17

Thrust decreases with altitude
Reduced excess thrust variable at all speeds

Question 18

Climbing at a constant pitch angle will

Answer 18

Reduced thrust therefore drag will end up being out of equilibrium as drag exceeds thrust

Lose speed aoa will increase then stall

Question 19

Climb at constant vertical speed

Answer 19

Available thrust reduces autopilot will increases AOA and let airspeed decay possible stall

Question 20

Zoom climb

Answer 20

Trading kinetic energy for potential energy
Excess airspeed above stall speed traded for height
Useful for engine failures for extra height

Question 21

Calculating Load Factor from climb gradient

Answer 21

Climb gradient from percentage to decimal
Use inverse sin function on the decimal
Cos(ans) = load factor

Question 22

Rate of climb formula

Answer 22

Angle of climb x TAS