Tumours of the hand Flashcards
What is this?
Ganglion cyst
A Mucin filled synovial cyst.
What is a ganglion’s aetiology
Trauma
Mucoid degeneration
Synovial herniation
What is the epidemiology of ganglion cysts?
Most common hand mass 60-70%
Dorsal (70%) orginate over SL ligament
Volar carpal (20%)- Radiocarpal or STT joint
Volar retinacular- dorsal DIPJ- MUCOID cyst assoc with Heberden’s nodes
What are the signs and symptoms of a ganglion?
Symptoms= Painless lump
Signs= Firm
Well circumscribed
Often fixed to deep tissue but not to overlying skin
Translucent with illumination
Allen’s test to ensure radial/ ulna artery
What investigations are useful in identifying a ganglion?
XRays normal
Mri - not normally indicated but show a well cicrumscibed homogenous fluid signal intensity
Increased signal intensity on T2-weighted MRI images
What is the treatment for a ganglion?
Observation- first line in adults
79% in children resolve in a year.
Aspiration- 2nd line in adult, avoid on volar aspect of wrist due to radial artery
50% chance of reoccurrance cf surgical resection but less risks
Biopsy would show mucin-filled synovial cell lined sac
Surgery if severe symptoms or neurovascular manifestations
adequate exposure to ensure entire resection of cyst including stalk and adjacent capsule.
Volar ganglions higher rate of reoccurrance cf dorsal post surgery (15-20%)
What is this?
Epidermal inclusion cyst
this is Benign, slow growing soft tissue tumour
DD: Tophus gout
Foreign body granuloma
Sebaceous cyst
GCT
Ganglioncyst
Enchondroma
Glomus tumour
What is the incidence and epidemiology of epidermal inclusion cyst?
Occurs months to years post trauma
Third most common hand tumour
Men > females
3rd to 4th decade
Distal phalanx most common location
What is the Pathophysiology of epidermal inclusion cysts?
Results from penetrating trauma that drives Keratinised epithelial into subcutaneous tissue
Cells grow slowly to -> epithelial lined cyst filled with keratin
What is the prognosis of epidermal inclusion cyst?
Marginal Excision is curative, low reocurrance rates
What are the symptoms and signs of epithelial inclusion cyst?
Symptoms:
Painless swelling frequently occuring in the fingertip
Well circumscribed slightly mobile lesion with white/yellow/flesh coloured in appearance
What investigations can be useful in epithelial inclusion cyst?
Xrays- ap, lateral and oblique
soft tissue swelling may be evident
A lytic erosion in distal phalanx
Biopsy- to confirm not infection/ neoplasm
What is the histology of the epidermal inclusion cyst?
Cysts containing keratin lined with epithelial cells
What is the Tx of epidermal inclusion cyst?
Non operative- not recommended
Operative- Marginal Excision
Careful to remove Entire capsule
**Currettage and bone graft if **bone erosion/ lesions
What are the complications of epidermal inclusion cysts?
Wound complications
Infection
Digital neuropraxia
Recurrance