Tumour Suppressors And Apoptosis Flashcards
Rb is inherited through ____________ and is a ______________________.
Loss of both alleles in ________ is associated with _________.
The germline
Nuclear phosphoprotein
Somatic cells
Tumour formation
Rb binds to _______, a ___________ that is required for ____________________ to ___________________. ___________ leads to _________.
E2F Transcription factor Cell cycle progression Repress expression of target genes Overproduction Tumour formation
Multiple _________ by _______ release bound ______ to allow __________________.
_______ activation of rb requires ____ containing ______ and ________.
Phosphorylations
CDKs
E2F
Cell cycle progression
Full
CDKs
Cyclin D
Cyclin E
E2F also makes __________ to allow formation of ___________ so __________ can be made.
Ribonucleotide reductase
DeoxyNTPs
DNA
CDK/cyclin __ complexes are activated early in the ____ phase by _____.
CDK/cyclin__ is active at the ________ border. Requires phosphorylation by ______ on ________ for ________.
D
G1
Myc
E G1/S CAK (CDK activating kinase) Threonine Activation
CDKs are regulated by _____________.
P___ binds to and twists the loop of _________ unit to stop _____ from binding _______. Prevents activation and assembly of ___________.
Loss of ______ function/_________ leads to _______.
Cyclin dependent kinase inhibitors (cki)
16 Cyclin CDK CDK Cyclin CDK416 cyclin D kinase complex
Cki
Over expression
Tumour formation
P__ binds to ___________ and fill in ________.
27
Cyclin CDK
Active site
P___ functions as a tetramer.
The WT activates ____ and binds to _______.
Mutations associated with human tumours are________.
Has multiple binding partners (e.g. _________)
Can either promote _________ and ____________ or __________.
53 Transcription Damaged DNA Localised to the DNA binding domain TBP, Mdm2) G1 arrest and DNA repair Mediate apoptosis
Apoptosis is characterised by activation of _______, membrane ____________, chromatin ___________, lamin _____________ and ________________.
DNAse Blebbing Condensation Degradation Cell death
Which characteristics of apoptosis are associated with nuclear collapse?
Activation of DNAse, membrane blebbing, chromatin condensation, lamin degradation
Apoptosis is mediated by two families of _______.
The ________ family inhibits apoptosis.
The _________ family promotes apoptosis by __________.
Cell fate depends on the level of each family. Regulated by ___________, _________ and ___________.
Bcl-2
Protector
Killer
Allowing caspases to be switched on
Growth factors, DNA damage and death signals
Cachexia is caused by ______________________________________.
Tumour cells disrupting the body’s metabolism. These cells only use glucose and pump lactate into the body. The liver is therefore constantly trying to maintain blood glucose by burning fat and proteins.
