Tumour Pathology

Question 1

Glandular Epithelia

Answer 1

Benign - adenoma

Malignant - adeno-carcinoma

Question 2

Squamous epithelia

Answer 2

Benign - squamous papilloma

Malignant - squamous carcinoma

Question 3

Bone

Answer 3

Benign - osteoma

Malignant - osteo-sarcoma

Question 4

Fat

Answer 4

Benign - lipoma

Malignant - lipo-sarcoma

Question 5

Fibrous tissue

Answer 5

Benign - fibroma

Malignant - fibro-sarcoma

Question 6

White blood cells

Answer 6

Leukaemia

Question 7

Lymphoid tissue

Answer 7

Lymphoma

Question 8

Germ cells

Answer 8

Teratomas
(Ovarian, usually benign. Testicular, usually malignant)
Seminoma - malignant tumour

Question 9

Benign

Answer 9

Non-invasive growth
Usually encapsulated
Be metastases
Cells and function similar to normal

Question 10

Malignant

Answer 10

Invasive growth
No capsule, or capsule is breached
Cells abnormal; loss of function

Question 11

Cancer cell properties

Answer 11

Altered genetics
Altered function
Altered structure
Cells capable of independent growth

Question 12

Spread of cancer cells

Answer 12

Local
Lymphatic
Blood
Trans-coelomic

Question 13

Local effects

Answer 13

Pressure
Obstruction
Tissue obstruction
Bleeding
Pain
Effects of treatment

Question 14

Systemic effects

Answer 14

Secretion of hormones
Weight loss
Effects of treatment

Question 15

Dysplasia

Answer 15

Pre-malignant change to indicate tumour is becoming malignant

Question 16

Cyclin pRb pathway disruption

Answer 16

Cyclin pRb acts as “brakes” of the cell cycle

Mutation allows uncontrolled proliferation

Question 17

p53 pathway disruption

Answer 17

p53 stops the cell cycle if cell is damaged to allow DNA repair. Severe damage => apoptosis
Mutation allows continuation of cycle, despite damage

Question 18

Astrocytoma

Answer 18

Tumour of the central nervous system