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Principles of Disease > Antimicrobial Chemotherapy > Flashcards

Antimicrobial Chemotherapy Flashcards

1
Q

Mechanisms of antibiotics

A

Inhibition of cell wall synthesis
Inhibition of protein synthesis
Inhibition of nucleic acid synthesis

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2
Q

Inhibition of cell wall synthesis

A

Beta lactams

Glycopeptides

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3
Q

Beta lactams

A

Penicillins
Cephalosporins
(Can be resistant due to beta lactamase OR genetically altered target sites)

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4
Q

Glycopeptides

A

Vancomycin (TOXIC)
Teicoplanin

Gram +ve only
Parenteral use only

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5
Q

Inhibition of protein synthesis

A

Macrolides
Tetracyclines
Oxazolidones
Aminoglycosides (for gram -ve) (parenteral use only)

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6
Q

Inhibition of nucleic acid synthesis (inc. purine)

A

Trimethoprim
Sulphamethoxazole
Fluoroquinolones

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7
Q

Antifungals

A

Triazoles and allylamines
Echinocandins
Polyenes
Flucytosine

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8
Q

Triazoles and allylamines

A

Target sterols

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9
Q

Echinocandins

A

Target wall

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10
Q

Polyenes

A

Target membranes

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11
Q

Flucytosine

A

Targets DNA synthesis

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12
Q

Gentamicin

A

Aminoglycoside for treatment of serious gram negative infection
TOXIC

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13
Q

Ciprofloxacin

A

Fluoroquinolone
Effective against gram negative organisms
Taken orally
Not in children

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14
Q

Beta-lactamase

A

Can break down penicillins OR cephalosporins

Flucloxacyllin is resistant

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15
Q

Genetically altered target sites

A

Beta lactams cannot bind

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16
Q

MRSA

A

Resistant to all penicillins and cephalosporins

17
Q

ESBLs

A

Extended spectrum beta-lactamases produced by some gram negative organisms renders them resistant to all beta-lactam agents

18
Q

Vancomycicn resistance

A

Unusual in gram positive organisms, some resistant enterocci

19
Q

C. diff infection

A

Oral metronidazole or oral vancomycin

20
Q

Amphotericin B

A

IV for serious yeast and other fungal infections

TOXIC

21
Q

Nystatin

A

Topically or in oral suspension, not IV

For serious fungal infection

22
Q

Fluconazole

A

For yeast infection (not all yeasts are sensitive)

23
Q

Aspergillosis

A

Voriconazole and itraconazole

24
Q

Tebrinafine

A

Allylamines

Fungal infection of skins and nails

25
Q

Serious candida and aspergillus infections

A

Echinocandins

26
Q

Aciclovir

A

Herpes simplex and varicella zoster virus

27
Q

HIV therapy

A

Saquinavir

28
Q

UTI

A

Trimethoprim
Nalidixic acid
Nitrofurantoin

29
Q

Macrolides

A

Clarythromycin or erythromycin

Mainly for gram positive

Principles of Disease (15 decks)

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