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ME2019 PART 2 > Tumour Pathology 1 > Flashcards

Tumour Pathology 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is a tumour?

A

Abnormal growing mass of tissue

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2
Q

What are the properties of the growth of a tumour?

A

Growth is uncoordinated with that of surrounding normal tissue

Growth continues after the removal of any stimulis which may have caused the tumour

Irreversible change

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3
Q

What are the two types of tumours?

A

Beneign

Malignant (also known as a cancer)

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4
Q

What is a fundamental property of cancer?

A

Its ability to invade into adjacent tissues and to metastasis (spread) and grow at other sites within the body

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5
Q

What is metastasis?

A

Spreading of a tumour

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6
Q

What is cancer caused by (vaugly)?

A

Genetics

Environment

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7
Q

What are the top 5 cancers in men?

A

1) Prostate
2) Lung
3) Colon
4) Kidney
5) Melanoma

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8
Q

What are the top 5 cancers in woman?

A

1) Breast
2) Lung
3) Colon
4) Uterus
5) Melanoma

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9
Q

What are the top 5 cancers in both men and woman?

A
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10
Q

What is the 5 year survival rate like for cancers?

A
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11
Q

Why is it important to classify tumours?

A

Understanding tumour behaviour

Determining the prognosis (outcome) and selecting therapy

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12
Q

What is the classification of a tumour based on?

A

Tissue of origin

Benign or malignant

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13
Q

What are some origin tissues for tumours?

A

Epithelium

Connective tissue

Blood cells

Lymphoid tissue

Melanocytes

Neural tissues

Germ cells

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14
Q

What are benign and maligant glandular epithelium tumours called?

A

Benign are called adenoma

Malignant is called adeno-carcinoma

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15
Q

What are benign and malignant squamous tumours called?

A

Benign are called squamous papilloma

Malignant are called squamous carcinoma

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16
Q

What are some connective tissues that a tumour can arise in?

A

Bone

Fat

Fibrous tissue

17
Q

What are beneign and maligant bone tumours called?

A

Benign are called osteoma

Malignant are called osteo-sarcoma

18
Q

What are benign and malignant fat tumours called?

A

Benign are called lipoma

Malignant are called lip-sarcoma

19
Q

What are beneign and malignant fibrous tissue tumours called?

A

Benign are called fibroma

Malignant are called fibro-sarcoma

20
Q

What are benign and malignant blood tumours called?

A

There are no benign blood tumours

Malignant blood tumours are called leukaemia

21
Q

What are benign and malignant lymphoid tissue tumours called?

A

There are no benign lymphoid tissue tumours

Malignant are called lymphoma

22
Q

What are benign and malignant melanocyte tumours are?

A

Benign are called naevus

Malignant are called melanoma

23
Q

What are neural tissue tumours called?

A

Astrocytoma (CNS)

Schwannoma (PNS)

24
Q

What are germ cell tumours called?

A

Teratomas

25
Q

What kind of tumour are testicular normally?

A

Malignant

26
Q

What kind of tumour are ovaries normally?

A

Benign

27
Q

What are teratomas usually composed of?

A

Various tissues

28
Q

What are features in both benign and malignant tumours?

A

Growth pattern

Presence of capsule

Invasion

Presence of metastasis

Differentiation

Appearance of tumour cell

Function

Behaviour

29
Q

What are features of benign tumours?

A

Non-invasive growth pattern

Usually encapsulated

No evidence of invastion

No metastasis

Cells similar to normal

Well differentiated

Function similar to normal tissue

Rarely cause death

30
Q

What are features of malignant tumours?

A

Invasive growth pattern

No capsule or capsule breached by tumour cell

Cells abnormal

Poorly differentiated

Loss of normal function

Evidence of spread of cancer

Frequently cause death

31
Q

What kind of growth pattern do benign tumours have compared to malignant?

A

Benign has non-invasive

Malignant has invasive

32
Q

What is the differentiation like in benign tumours compared to maligant?

A

Benign are well differentiated

Malignant are poorly differentiated

33
Q

What is the capsule of benign tumours compared to malignant?

A

Benign are usually encapsulated

Malignant have no capsule or it is breached

34
Q

What is metastasis like in benign tumours compared to malignant?

A

Benign has no metastasis

Malignant has metastasis

35
Q

What is the function like of benign tumours compared to malignant tumours?

A

Benign function is similar to normal

Malignant tumours have lost function

ME2019 PART 2 (45 decks)

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