Tumour Pathology 1 Flashcards
What is a tumour?
Abnormal growing mass of tissue
What are the properties of the growth of a tumour?
Growth is uncoordinated with that of surrounding normal tissue
Growth continues after the removal of any stimulis which may have caused the tumour
Irreversible change
What are the two types of tumours?
Beneign
Malignant (also known as a cancer)
What is a fundamental property of cancer?
Its ability to invade into adjacent tissues and to metastasis (spread) and grow at other sites within the body
What is metastasis?
Spreading of a tumour
What is cancer caused by (vaugly)?
Genetics
Environment
What are the top 5 cancers in men?
1) Prostate
2) Lung
3) Colon
4) Kidney
5) Melanoma
What are the top 5 cancers in woman?
1) Breast
2) Lung
3) Colon
4) Uterus
5) Melanoma
What are the top 5 cancers in both men and woman?
What is the 5 year survival rate like for cancers?
Why is it important to classify tumours?
Understanding tumour behaviour
Determining the prognosis (outcome) and selecting therapy
What is the classification of a tumour based on?
Tissue of origin
Benign or malignant
What are some origin tissues for tumours?
Epithelium
Connective tissue
Blood cells
Lymphoid tissue
Melanocytes
Neural tissues
Germ cells
What are benign and maligant glandular epithelium tumours called?
Benign are called adenoma
Malignant is called adeno-carcinoma
What are benign and malignant squamous tumours called?
Benign are called squamous papilloma
Malignant are called squamous carcinoma
What are some connective tissues that a tumour can arise in?
Bone
Fat
Fibrous tissue
What are beneign and maligant bone tumours called?
Benign are called osteoma
Malignant are called osteo-sarcoma
What are benign and malignant fat tumours called?
Benign are called lipoma
Malignant are called lip-sarcoma
What are beneign and malignant fibrous tissue tumours called?
Benign are called fibroma
Malignant are called fibro-sarcoma
What are benign and malignant blood tumours called?
There are no benign blood tumours
Malignant blood tumours are called leukaemia
What are benign and malignant lymphoid tissue tumours called?
There are no benign lymphoid tissue tumours
Malignant are called lymphoma
What are benign and malignant melanocyte tumours are?
Benign are called naevus
Malignant are called melanoma
What are neural tissue tumours called?
Astrocytoma (CNS)
Schwannoma (PNS)
What are germ cell tumours called?
Teratomas
What kind of tumour are testicular normally?
Malignant
What kind of tumour are ovaries normally?
Benign
What are teratomas usually composed of?
Various tissues
What are features in both benign and malignant tumours?
Growth pattern
Presence of capsule
Invasion
Presence of metastasis
Differentiation
Appearance of tumour cell
Function
Behaviour
What are features of benign tumours?
Non-invasive growth pattern
Usually encapsulated
No evidence of invastion
No metastasis
Cells similar to normal
Well differentiated
Function similar to normal tissue
Rarely cause death
What are features of malignant tumours?
Invasive growth pattern
No capsule or capsule breached by tumour cell
Cells abnormal
Poorly differentiated
Loss of normal function
Evidence of spread of cancer
Frequently cause death
What kind of growth pattern do benign tumours have compared to malignant?
Benign has non-invasive
Malignant has invasive
What is the differentiation like in benign tumours compared to maligant?
Benign are well differentiated
Malignant are poorly differentiated
What is the capsule of benign tumours compared to malignant?
Benign are usually encapsulated
Malignant have no capsule or it is breached
What is metastasis like in benign tumours compared to malignant?
Benign has no metastasis
Malignant has metastasis
What is the function like of benign tumours compared to malignant tumours?
Benign function is similar to normal
Malignant tumours have lost function
