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ME2019 PART 2 > Drug Delivery Systems > Flashcards

Drug Delivery Systems Flashcards

1
Q

What are different kinds of drug delivery?

A

Oral

Intravenous (IV)

Transdermal

Carrier based

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2
Q

What are different forms of drugs that may be given to patients?

A

Tablets or capsules

Solutions or suspensions

Ointments and creams

Inhalation

Injections

Suppositories (insterted into rectum or vagina)

Pessaries (inserted into vagina)

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3
Q

What are soppositories?

A

Drugs that are inserted into the rectum or the vagina

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4
Q

What are pessaries?

A

Drugs that are inserted into the vagina

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5
Q

What are things that determine which drug delivery system to use?

A

Dose of the drug being given

Frequency of administration

Timing of administration

Disease being treated

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6
Q

What do we consider when deciding what dose to use?

A

Recommended dose

Impaired renal function

Impaired liver function

Age and weight

Disease to be treated

Drug toxicity

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7
Q

What is oral medication absorbed by?

A

The GI tract:

Buccal

Sublingual

Oral

Rectal

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8
Q

What are solutions and suspension useful for?

A

Giving medicine to the young, elderly and patients with swollowing difficulties

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9
Q

What is an advantage of using solutions or suspensions?

A

Absorbed extrememly rapidly

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10
Q

What does the absorption of solutions or suspensions depend on?

A

Gastric emptying and is more rapid from the small intestine

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11
Q

Where is absorption from solutions or suspensions most rapid from?

A

Small intestine

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12
Q

What is the rate limiting step for the absorption of tablets?

A

Dissolution (tablet breakdown)

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13
Q

What are the advantages of using tablets or capsules?

A

Convenience

Accuracy of dose

Reproducibility

Drug stability

Ease of mass production

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14
Q

What do enteric coated tablets do?

A

Delay the disintegration of the tablet until it reaches the small instestine

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15
Q

Why would enteric coated tablets be used?

A

Protect the drug from stomach acid

Protect the stomach from the drug

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16
Q

What are prolonged release formulations useful for?

A

Most disorders required prolonged therapy

Maintains drug level within a therapeutic range

Reduces the need for frequent dosing

Compliance is improved

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17
Q

What kind of therapy do most disorders require?

A

Prolonged therapy

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18
Q

What are different kinds of prolonged release drugs?

A

Oral preparations

Parenteral preparations (intermuscular injections)

Surgical implants

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19
Q

What can you not do when using prolonged release drugs?

A

Swap someone from one form to another

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20
Q

What are prodrugs?

A

Synthesised inactive derivatives of an active drug which requires to be metabolically activated after administration

21
Q

What are the advantages of using prodrugs?

A

Prolongation of duration of action

Avoidance of the drug in the gut

22
Q

What are buccal and sublingual adminstration ideal for?

A

Drugs which have an extensive first pass metabolism

23
Q

What are sublingual tablets?

A

Ones which dissolve slowly under the tongue

24
Q

Who is the rectal route often used for?

A

Young

Old

Patients unable to swollow

25
Q

What is an advantage of using the rectal route?

A

Bypass first pass metabolism

26
Q

How may drugs from the rectal route act?

A

Locally

Systematically

27
Q

How do drugs from the vaginal route act?

A

Locally

28
Q

What do drugs from the vaginal route include?

A

Creams

Pessaries

29
Q

What do injection based drug delivery systems include?

A

Intravenous (IV)

Intramuscular

Subcutaneous

Intradermal

30
Q

What do injection based drugs provide?

A

Fast systematic effects by bypassing first pass metabolism

31
Q

What can you say about the half life of injection based drugs?

A

Short half life

32
Q

What is useful about the infusion on injection based drugs?

A

Can be infused continuously

33
Q

What kinds of patents who are not able to swollow drugs can injection based drugs be given to?

A

Unconscious ones

34
Q

When are drugs given intravaneously?

A

Rapid onset of action is required

Careful control of plasma level is required

Drug has a short half life

35
Q

How may IV formulations be given?

A

Rapidly

Slowly (prevent toxic effects)

Continuous infusion to ensure acurate control

36
Q

Why would an IV drug be infused slowly?

A

To prevent toxic effects

37
Q

Why would an IV drug be infused continuously?

A

Ensure accurate control

38
Q

What is an intramuscular injection?

A

Injection given into muscle mass

39
Q

What is an advantage of intramuscular injection?

A

Allows more sustained duration of action up to months

40
Q

What is a subcutaneous injection?

A

Injection applied under the skin

41
Q

What is the advantage of a subcutaneous injection?

A

Bypass the nedd for venous access

42
Q

What are transdermal drug delivery systems?

A

Adhesive patches containing the drug are applied to the skin where the drug then crosses the skin surface by diffusion and enters systematic circulation

43
Q

What is an advantage of transdermal drug deliver systems?

A

Bypass first pass metabolism

44
Q

What does inhalation drugs do?

A

Delivers drugs directly to the things for local effect or to achieve systematic effect

45
Q

What is an advantage of inhalation drugs?

A

Rapid effect using smaller doses so less side effects

46
Q

What does utilising carriers allow?

A

Small amounts of drugs to be administered and to be taken to where they are needed

47
Q

What are examples of pharmaceutical carriers?

A

Micelles

Vesicles

Multifunctional dendritic polymers

Nanospheres

Nanocapsules

Liquid crystals

48
Q

Why does the colour of a drug have an impact on its effect?

A

The placebo effect

ME2019 PART 2 (45 decks)

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