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Unit 5: Path - The Lower Urinary Tract and Male Reproductive System > Tumors of the Testis > Flashcards

Tumors of the Testis Flashcards

1
Q

What is the cytogenic marker for most testicular tumors?

A

isochromosome p12

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2
Q

To where do testicular tumors metastasize?

A

Periaortic abdominal lymph nodes

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3
Q

What are the only documented risk factors for testicular tumors?

A

Cryptorchidism and Gonadal Dysgenesis

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4
Q

What is the most common initial step of testicular tumorigenesis?

A

Intratubular testicular germ cell neoplasia (ITGCN)

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5
Q

How are testicular tumors classified?

A

Basis of their cell of origin

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6
Q

From what do seminomas arise?

A

Malignant cells that retain phenotypic features of spermatogonia

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7
Q

What type of cells make up a teratocarcinoma?

A

Malig. undiff. embryonal carcinoma cells and somatic extraembryonic derivatives

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8
Q

What is the name of the tumor containing undifferentiated embryonal cells?

A

Embryonal carcinoma

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9
Q

What are nonseminomatous germ cell tumors?

A

All germ cell tumors with embryonal carcinoma as their malignant stem cells

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10
Q

What is intratubular germ cell neoplasia?

A

Testicular carcinoma in situ

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11
Q

What does ITGCN represent?

A

Preinvasive form of germ cell tumors

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12
Q

What two markers are reliable for ID’ing ITGCN?

A

Placental alkaline phosphatase and OCT3/4

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13
Q

What is ITGCN a precursor for?

A

Invasive carcinoma

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14
Q

This biopsy shows seminiferous tubules showing NO signs of spermatogenesis and instead contain large atypical cells. Dx?

A

Intratubular Germ Cell Neoplasia

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15
Q

What type of cells do seminomas typically contain?

A

Monomorphous Cells resembling spermatogonia

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16
Q

What is seminoma equivalent to uscopically?

A

Ovarian dysgerminoma

17
Q

What are reliable markers for seminomas?

A
  • Placental Alkaline Phosphatase
  • c-KIT
  • OCT3/4
18
Q

What are the two subtypes of seminoma?

A
  1. Seminoma with Syncytiotrophoblastic Giant Cells
  2. Anaplastic Seminoma
19
Q

From what are nonseminomatous germ cells derived?

A

Embryonal Cells

20
Q

What are the two typical types of NSGCTs?

A
  1. Pure Embryonal carcinoma
  2. Teratocarcinomas
21
Q

Embryonal carcinoma component of a nonseminomatous germ cell tumor is shown. What are the typical findings?

A

Scant cytoplasm, hyperchromatic nuclei, bluish color

22
Q

What markers are used to ID embryonal carcinoma? How can these tumors be differentiated from seminomas?

A

Placental Alkaline Phosphatase, OCT3/4; ECs express cytokeratins and CD30 but NOT c-KIT

23
Q

For what cancer are embryonal carcinoma cells the stem cells?

A

Teratocarcinoma (malignant teratomas)

24
Q

What cells are contained w/i choriocarcinomas?

A

Malignant chorionic epithelium

25
Q

What components are contained w/i NSGCTs compared to seminomas?

A

Yolk sac components and syncytiotrophoblastic cells

26
Q

What are two reliable tumor markers used for detecting NSGCTs?

A

Alpha fetoprotein and human chorionicgonadotropin

27
Q

Glomeruloid Schiller-Duval bodies are shown. What is the Dx?

A

Yolk Sac Tumor

28
Q

What are gonadal stromal tumors composed of?

A

Cells that resemble sertoli/leydig cells

29
Q

A Leydig Cell Tumor is shown. What is the morphology observed?

A

Renke crystals - eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusions

30
Q

What do Leydig Cell Tumors lead to in prepubertal boys?

A

Precocious physical and sexual development

31
Q

Neoplastic cells arranged in tubules surrounded by a basement membrane is shown. The tumor is generally not malignant. What is the Dx?

A

Sertoli Cell Tumor

32
Q

From what do adenomatoid tumors arise?

A

Mesothelial layer of the tunica vaginalis (benign)

33
Q

In what population is malignant lymphoma the most common neoplasm of the testes?

A

Men > 60 yo

Unit 5: Path - The Lower Urinary Tract and Male Reproductive System (24 decks)

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