Tumors of the Lung Flashcards
which lung carcinoma is more associated with being in the periphery? centrally located?
adenocarcinoma of lungs = periphery
squamous cell carcinoma - more centrally located by the central bronchi
adenocarcinoma
more peripherally located
most common type that occur in woman and non-smokers
characteristic mucin positive
tumor is composed of tall columnar - cuboidal epithelial cells that line up along the alveolar septa
most tumors are well differentiated
squamous cell carcinoma (CIS) in situ
considered to be pre-invasive of non-small cell carcinoma of the lung
small cell carcinoma
show signs of NEITHER GLANDULAR OR SQUAMOUS features
have dense core granules similar to the endocrine cells (Kulchitsky)
tumors also secrete polypeptide hormones and are positive for neuroendocrine markers
strong association with cigarette smokeing
located centrally –> metastasize widely and associated with ectopic hormone production (ADH, ACTH, PTH)
azzopardi effect
characteristic of small cell carcinoma
NECROSIS of cells release DNA material and this encrust along blood vessel wall and can see in stain
NSE
synaptophysin
chromogranin
these are neuroendocrine markers that can help identify the presence of a small cell carcinoma by immunohistochemistry techniques because these secrete polpypeptide hormones
type of lung cancer that could be mistaken for an endocrine disorder?
small cell carcinoma
horners syndrome
results from the invasion of neural structures around the trachea by a tumor in the superior pulmonary sulcus resulting in enophthalmias, (posterior displacement of eye) ptosis (drooping eye), miosis (constriction), and anhidrosis (decrease sweating) ON THE SAME SIDE OF LESION - SUCH TUMORS ARE CALLED PANCOAST TUMORS
PANCOAST TUMORS
most are non-small cell cancers and are named based on their location at the APEX of the lung
PANCOAST TUMORS
most are non-small cell cancers and are named based on their location at the APEX of the lung
bronchial carcinoid
rare
tumor of endocrine cells –> protrude into the bronchial lumen
most benign and under 40 with no known association with smoking
can show signs of carcinoid syndrome –associated with attacks of diarrhea, flushing, and cyanosis
tumors of the pleura
solitary fibrous tumor
metastatic tumor
malignant mesothelioma
mesothelioma
arise from visceral and parietal pleura
highly associated with asbestos
asbestos
family of crystalline hydrated silicates that form fibers
Serpentine
Amphibole
2 geometric forms of asbestos
serpentine = curly flexible (most asbestos)
Amphibole –> straight, stiff, brittle, more pathogenic
