Neoplasia

Question 1

Neoplasia

Answer 1

process of uncoordinated cell growth exceeding the limits established for normal tissues due to loss of responsiveness to normal growth controls

Question 2

tumor

Answer 2

swelling caused by edema, hemorrhage, or neoplams

usually referring to coming from neoplasm

oncology - study of tumors

Question 3

metaplasia

Answer 3

REVERSIBLE change from one adult cell type (epithelial or mesenchymal) to another adult cell type ADAPTIVE

metaplasia in and of itself is NOT a precancersous lesion - however the irritant that causes the metaplasia may in time lead to a cancerous transformation

Question 4

Dysplasia

Answer 4

loss of normal orientation of one epithelial cell to another and associated with cellular anaplasia
This IS A PRECANCEROUS LESION - preneoplastic
Milder forms are reversible

Question 5

anaplasia

Answer 5

refers to LACK OF DIFFERENTIATION of cells and is marked by a number of morphologic changes like cellular polymorphism, nuclear (increased size)

Question 6

well differentiated tumors

Answer 6

closely resemble the parent cell of origin

Question 7

poorly differentiated tumors

Answer 7

more primitive appearance and

Question 8

poorly differentiated tumors of glandular origin

Answer 8

occur in solid sheets with minimal gland formation

Question 9

degree of differentiation for squamous epithelial tumors

Answer 9

this is dependent on the extent of keratinization

Question 10

two divisions of neoplasms

Answer 10

benign

malignant

Question 11

benign tumor nomenclature

Answer 11

designated with the suffix “OMA”

Question 12

fibroma

Answer 12

benign tumor of fibroblast

Question 13

leiomyoma

Answer 13

benign tumor of smooth muscle

Question 14

chondroma

Answer 14

benign tumor of chondrocytes

Question 15

exceptions to the “oma” suffix that usually implies benign

Answer 15

lymphoma 
melanoma
seminoma 
mesothelioma 
hepatoma

Question 16

benign tumors of gland forming cells

Answer 16

adenomas

Question 17

benign tumors of squamous epithelium

Answer 17

epitheliomas or papillomas

Question 18

epithelium benign tumor name

Answer 18

either adenoma (glands)
squamous - papilloma (branched) or epithelioma

Question 19

polyp

Answer 19

refers to a tumor that projects above a mucosal surface and can be glandular (colon) or squamous (vocal cord)

Question 20

T/F these benign tumors can be life threatening

Answer 20

TRUE 
meningioma 
ependymoma (CNS)
insulinoma (sudden hypoglycemia)
gastric leiomyoma

Question 21

two fundamental properties that define a tumor as malignant

Answer 21

1. invasion and destruction of the adjacent tissues –> FIRMLY adhering to the involved tissues
2. spread to distant sites - metastasis

Question 22

Nomenclature for malignant mesenchymal cells

Answer 22

sarcomas

Question 23

nomenclature for epithelial malignant tumors

Answer 23

carcinomas

Question 24

malignant tumors from squamous cell

Answer 24

squamous cell carcinomas or epidermooid carcinomas

Question 25

malignant tumor from glandular epithelium

Answer 25

adenicarcinomas

Question 26

poorly differentiated tumor is what grade

Answer 26

grade 3 - highest grade --> worst prognosis | tumors depart from normal and usually are aggressive in their behavior

Question 27

TNM cancer stage system

Answer 27

T- refers to the size of the primary tumor N- number of node metastases M- presence and extend of distant metastases Taking into account local growth, lymph node metastasis, and distant metastasis