Tumor Imaging Flashcards
What factor should you always start with when analyzing lesions?
age
What features of a clinical presentation would increase concern for malignancy, warranting a radiograph?
- unable to recreate pain on ortho. tests (non-mechanical pain)
- night pain
- deep boring bone pain
- night sweats
- unexplained weight loss
What 6 features should you consider when examining lesions on an x-ray?
L’PoDZ PMS:
- Location
- Pattern of Destruction
- Zone of transition
- Periosteal reaction
- Matrix pattern
- Soft tissue mass
What should you consider when describing the location of a lesion?
- what bone(s) are involved
- where in the bone
- central/eccentric
What should you consider when describing what bones are involved in radiographic lesions?
- how many bones
- what areas of the body
- endochondral vs intramembranous ossification
When examining radiographic lesions, what should you consider when describing what part of the bone is affected?
- epiphysis/apophysis (secondary oss.)
- metaphysis
- diaphysis
Tuberosities, trochanters, and epicondyles are examples of what part of a bone?
apophysis
Carpals and tarsals are considered ____ equivalents
epiphyseal
Carpals and tarsals undergo ____ ossification
endochondral
Lesions that prefer ____ will also affect the carpals and tarsals
epiphyses and apophyses
A lesion located in the middle of the medullary canal is termed ____
central
A lesion that is cortically-based is termed ____
eccentric
What is the basic science term for “central” (which Warshel claims we will not use)?
eucentric
What are the 2 general categories for pattern of destruction in bone?
osteolytic
osteoblastic
Osteolytic lesions appear ____ radiographically
radiolucent
Osteoblastic lesions appear ____ radiographically
radiopaque
What are the osteolytic patterns of destruction?
- permeative
- motheaten
- geographic
What are the osteoblastic patterns of destruction?
- focal
- multifocal
- diffuse
TRUE/FALSE:
The terms “benign” and “malignant” can be used when describing lesions radiographically
FALSE
need biopsy to use these terms
Which osteolytic pattern(s) of destruction are considered aggressive?
- permeative
- motheaten
Which osteolytic pattern(s) of destruction are considered non-aggressive?
geographic (generally)
What osteolytic pattern of destruction is described by a “dipped in acid” appearance?
permeative
What does a permeative pattern of destruction look like?
- individual holes <1mm diameter (can conglomerate and appear larger)
- “dipped in acid” appearance
What does a motheaten pattern of destruction look like?
individual holes >1mm diameter (can conglomerate and appear larger)
____ and ____ destruction are a continuum of eachother
permeative & motheaten
What pattern of destruction is described as an “island of disease”?
geographic lytic