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NYCC MSP > Bone > Flashcards

Bone Flashcards

1
Q

What are the primary functions of bone tissue?

A
  1. Support the body
  2. Storage of minerals
  3. Protection of visceral structures
  4. Locomotion
  5. Hematopoeisis
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2
Q

The area between the epiphysis and diaphysis is called?

A

Metaphysis

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3
Q

What are the primary growth centers of a long bone?

A

Diaphysis & metaphysis

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4
Q

What are the secondary growth centers of a long bone?

A

Epiphysis & apophysis

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5
Q

What is the MOST metabolically active part of a long bone?

A

metaphysis

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6
Q

The diaphysis of a long bone is metabolically ____

A

inactive

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7
Q

The epiphysis of a long bone is metabolically ____

A

active (less)

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8
Q

The hard, dense, strong bone that forms the outer layer of bone is called?

A

Cortical bone

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9
Q

The inner, spongy layer of bone is called?

A

Trabecular bone (AKA cancellous bone)

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10
Q

The cavity within the shaft of the long bones filled with bone marrow is called?

A

Medullary cavity

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11
Q

A dense fibrous membrane covering the surface of bones (except at their extremities) and serving as an attachment for tendons and muscles.

A

Periosteum

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12
Q

The inner membrane layer separating the marrow cavity and the cortical bone is called?

A

Endosteum

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13
Q

What percentage of bone is composed of organic material?

A

30%

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14
Q

What percentage of bone is composed of inorganic material?

A

60%

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15
Q

What is the primary organic component in bone tissue?

A

Type I collagen

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16
Q

What is the function of the organic material in bone tissue?

A

Adds tensile strength to bone tissue (makes it more elastic)

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17
Q

What is the primary inorganic component in bone tissue?

A

Hydroxyapatite

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18
Q

What is the function of the inorganic material in bone?

A

Adds more rigidity to bone tissue (allows for more compressive strength)

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19
Q

What byproducts are made from osteoblastic activity?

A

Alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin

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20
Q

What bone cell is found in the marrow and periosteum and can develop into osteocytes or osteoblasts?

A

osteoprogenitor cell

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21
Q

What bone cell is an osteoblast embedded in bone matrix (lacunae) that maintains bone tissues?

A

osteocyte

22
Q

What type of bone cell is responsible for producing and mineralizing bone tissue?

A

Osteoblasts

23
Q

What bone cell ultimately controls the differentiation and maturation of osteoclasts?

A

osteoblast (production of RANKL)

24
Q

What type of bone cell is responsible for the resorption of bone?

A

Osteoclasts

25
Q

What bone cell comes from the monocyte/macrophage cell family?

A

osteoclast

26
Q

What is the ratio of organic to inorganic material of bone in children? What are the properties of this bone?

A

1:1
plastic, flexible

27
Q

What is the ratio of organic to inorganic material of bone in adults? What are the properties of this bone?

A

1:4
rigid

28
Q

What is the ratio of organic to inorganic material of bone in elderly? What are the properties of this bone?

A

1:7
^rigid, fragile

29
Q

What part of the stress-strain curve is characterized by bone being able to deform in response to stress and returning to original shape when the stress is removed?

A

Elastic Phase

30
Q

What part of the stress-strain curve is characterized by the deformation of bone in response to stress, but will retain the permanent shape of deformation?

A

Plastic Phase

31
Q

What part of the stress-strain curve is where the elastic phase changes to the plastic phase?

A

Yield Point

32
Q

What part of the stress-strain curve is characterized by the failure of bone under stress?

A

Ultimate Yield Point

33
Q

How do the stress strain curves of compact versus spongy bone compare?

A
  • spongy (trabecular) bone has a greater plastic phase, more gradual slope
  • compact (cortical) bone has a very steep slope, small plastic phase
34
Q

Compared to normal adult bone, what bones would have a more gradual slope, with a longer plastic phase?

A

bones of children

35
Q

Compared to normal adult bone, what bones would have a more gradual slope, with a shorter plastic phase?

A

bones with osteoporosis

36
Q

What term describes unmineralized (organic component of) bone?

A

Osteoid

37
Q

What are the 2 main components of lamellar bone?

A
  • compact/cortical bone
  • spongy/trabecular/cancellous bone
38
Q

What are the major passageways running in the direction of the length of long bones, providing paths for blood vessels called?

A

Haversian canals

39
Q

What term describes the connection between Haversian canals that runs in a perpendicular fashion?

A

Volkmann’s canals

40
Q

What type of bone development involves the direct transition of mesenchyme to bone?

A

Intramembranous ossification
(eg., closure of fontanels)

41
Q

What type of bone development involves the ossification of a cartilage model that was formed from mesenchyme?

A

Endochondral ossification

42
Q

In endochondral bone development, what is necessary for the ossification of cartilage to occur?

A

Vascularization

43
Q

Bone ____ describes the process of original bone development

A

modeling

44
Q

Bone ____ describes the continual process of bone turnover

A

remodeling

45
Q

Bone remodeling is guided by ____

A

Wolff’s law

46
Q

Per Wolff’s law, ____ force will increase bone resorption.

A

Increased tensile (decreased compressive)

47
Q

Per Wolff’s law, ____ force will increase bone deposition.

A

Increased compressive

48
Q

Which cells produce alkaline phosphatase as a byproduct of their normal function?

A

osteoblasts

49
Q

What is the remodeling unit of bone?

A

cutting cone

50
Q

Bone remodeling is initiated by ____ activity

A

osteoclastic

NYCC MSP (44 decks)

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