Calcium & Phosphorus Flashcards
Name the fundamental roles of calcium
- major cation in bone & teeth
- neurotransmission (synapse)
- skeletal/cardiac/smooth m contraction
- enzymatic reactions
- hormone secretion/mediator
- blood clotting
Most calcium is found in ____
bone
Name 3 forms of calcium
- ionized (50%)
- bound to proteins (41%)
- combined with anions (9%)
What form of calcium is biologically active (what we use)?
Ionized
What is the normal range of calcium levels in the plasma?
8.6-10.6 mg/dl
What term would describe a patient that has a calcium serum level of 11.3 mg/dl?
Hypercalcemia
What term would describe a patient that has a calcium serum level of 8.0 mg/dl?
Hypocalcemia
Calcium is a nervous system ____
depressant
What is the major cation in bone?
calcium
What is the major anion in bone?
phosphate
The majority of calcium and phosphate is tied up together in ____
hydroxyapatite
What is the normal range of phosphate levels in the plasma?
3-4.5 mg/dl
The gut wall has ____ absorption of calcium
poor
(absorb 350mg/day, excrete 250mg/day)
In terms of urinary excretion, most calcium is ____ here
resorbed
(90% prox, 10% distal)
Calcium resorption is ____ dependent
hormone
(serum calcium levels)
Dietary phosphorus is ____ absorbed across the gut wall due to ____
- readily
- calcium binding
When phosphorus levels are below 1mmol/L, what do the kidneys do with phosphate?
resorb ALL phosphate
When phosphorus levels are above 1mmol/L, what do the kidneys do with phosphate?
excretes via overflow mechanism (excretion = excess)
What hormone is consider the major regulator of plasma calcium and phosphorus levels?
Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
Secretion of PTH is ____ related to plasma Ca2+ levels
inversely
the release of PTH is monitored by Ca2+ sensing receptor (CaSR) on cell membrane of ____ gland cells
parathyroid
PTH & Ca2+ form a ____ feedback pair. as Ca2+ levels increase, PTH secretion ____
negative
decreases
____ Ca2+ regulates PTH secretion within minutes
ionized
What is the half life of PTH?
less than 20 mins