Tuesday/Wednesday Flashcards
Diaphragmatic apertures
Helps allow things to pass
-IVC, esophagus, aorta
Diaphragm crura
Musculotendinous bundles that arise from anterior surfaces of the bodies of the superior 3 lumbar vertebrae
- right crus
- left crus
Both crura unite by median acute ligament
Aortic hiatus
Through the diaphragm
Aorta, thoracic duct, Azagos vein
Caval opening
Where the IVC flows
Esophageal hiatus
Esophagus and vagus nerve
Sterno costal triangle
Between the sternal and costal attachments of the diaphragm
Helps transmit lymph vessels from the liver
What innervates diaphragm?
Phrenic nerve c3-5
Psoas major superior attachment
Transverse processes of lumbar vertebra,
sides of the bodies t12-s1 and iv disc
Psoas major inferior attachment
Lesser trochanter of femur
Psoas major innervation and action
Lumbar plexus
Flexes thigh, flex vertebral column
Iliacus superior attachment
Superior 2 thirds of iliac fossa
Anterior sacro-iliac ligament
Iliacus inferior attachment
Lesser trochanter of femur
Iliacus innervation and action
Femoral nerve(l2-4)
Flexes thigh and stabilizes hip
Quadratus lumborum superior attachment
Inferior border of 12th rib
Quadrats lumborum inferior attachment
Ilio lumbar ligament
Internal lip of iliac crest
Quadratus ligament innervation and action
Anterior branch of t12 and l1-4
Extends and laterally flexes vertebral column
Nerves of the lumbar plexus
Iliohypogastric Ilio inginal Lateral femoral cutaneous Femoral Genitofemoral Obturator Lumbosacral trunk
What is he lumbar plexus
Anterior rami of l1-4
Lumbosacral trunk
Goes in the pelvis to help form the sacral plexus with the anterior rami of s1-4
What nerve sits right in top of psoas major
Genitofemoral
Common iliac artery splits into what
External and internal iliac artery
What are the branches of external iliac artery?
Inferior epigastic
Deep iliac circumflex
Sacroiliac joint ligaments
Anterior sacro-iliac ligament
Posterior sacro-iliac ligament
Interosseous sacro-iliac ligament
Sacroiliac joint
Strong weight bearing
Anterior synovial plane with limit mobility
Between the sacrum and ilium
Sacrotuberous and sacro spinous ligament
Allow onlys limited upward movement
When you look into the pelvic outlet you will see sacrospinous ligament
Pubic symphysis
Secondary cartilaginous joint
Union of the two bodies of the pubic bones with a interpublic disc between
Pubic symphysis ligaments
Superior public ligament and inferior pubic ligament
Iliolumbar ligament
Part of the lumbosacral joint
Unites the transverse processes of l5 to the ilia
Looks like it lays on anterior sacroiliac ligament
Pelvic diaphragm
Bowl or funnel shaped pelvic form consists of levator ani and coccygeus muscles
Levator ani origin
Body of the pubis
Ischial spine
Levator ani insertion
Perineal body
Coccyx
Rectum
Anal canal
Levator ani innervation and action
Nerve to levator ani
Resists increases in intra-abdominal pressure
Coccygeus origin
Ischial spine
Coccygeus insertion
Inferior end of sacrum and coccyx
Coccygeus innervation and action
Branches of s4 and s5
Helps form pelvic diaphragm, flexes coccyx
Obturator internus origin
Pelvic surface of ilium and ischium, obturator membrane
Obturator internus insertion
Greater trochanter of femur
Obturator internus innervation and action
Nerve to obturator internus
Laterally rotates hip joint, helps hold the head of the femur in the acetabulum
Piriforms origin
Pelvic surface of 2nd-4th sacral segments
Great sciatic notch
Pisiforms insertion
Great trochanter of femur
Pisiforms innervation and action
Anterior rami of s1 and s2
Laterally rotates hip joint, abducts hip joint
Lateral pelvic wall
Obturator internus
Posterior pelvic wall
Piriformis
What muscle forms a muscular bed for the sacral nerve network
Pisiformis
Anterio-inferior pelvic wall
Formed by the bodies and rami of the pubic bone and pubic symphysis
Bears the weight of the urinary bladder
Sacral plexus
- (L4-5) s1-4
- lumbosacral trunk joins
Branches of the sacral plexus
Sciatic nerve Pudendal nerve Superior gluteal nerve Inferior gluteal nerve Posterior femoral cutaneous
Sciatic nerve
L4-s3
Largest nerve
Flexors of the knees and all the muscles in leg and foot
Pudendal nerve
- s2-s4
- supplies skin and muscles of the lower pelvic including reproductive, urinary, and digestive tracts
Pelvic splanchic nerve
Supply the parasympathetic nerve supply to the organs below the left colic flexture line
What four main arteries enter the lesser pelvis in females
Internal iliac arteries
Ovarian arteries
Median sacral
Superior rectal
Males only have two main, because no ovarian arteries.
Branches of the internal iliac artery
-iliolumbar
-lateral sacral
-superior gluteal
-inferior gluteal
-internal puodendal
-vesical branches
-umbilicus
(Then obturator coming from the lumbar plexus)
Ureters
Retro peritoneal
Carry urine to the Kidneys
Urinary bladder
- sub peritoneal organ
- internal iliac artery
- veins that drained this are names for what they drain
Who has a internal urethral sphincter
Males only
Seminal gland
Between the fundus of bladder and the rectum
Secrete a thick Fuild to help make up the semen
Anal triangle
Posterior to the line
Contains the anal canal and the anus
( triangle is between the two Ischial tuberosity and the coccyx)
Urogenital triangle
Containing root of the scrotom and penis in males and the vulva in females
Anterior to the line
Closed by the perineal membrane
(Between the two Ischial tuberosities and the pubic symphysis)
What is a branch of internal puodendal artery
Inferior rectal
Goes to the anal sphincter
Ischiorctal fossa boundaries
Lateral: ischium Inferior: obturator internus Medial: external anal sphincter Superior (or roof): levator ani Posterior: gluteus Maximus
Ischiorectal fossa importance
The fossae has fibrous band that are filled with fat that help suppor the anal canal
But are quickly moved for expansion of the anal canal
Branches of the internal iliac artery
-iliolumbar
-lateral sacral
-superior gluteal
-inferior gluteal
-internal puodendal
-vesical branches
-umbilicus
(Then obturator coming from the lumbar plexus)
