Heart Flashcards
Pericardium
double walled fibroserous membrane that encloses the heart and the roots of the great vessels
The three parts of the pericardial sac
- Fibrous Pericardium
- Partietal Layer of Serous Pericardium
- Viseral Layer of Serous Pericardium
What is fibrous pericardium
- heart
- tough external layer that protects the heart against sudden overfill
what is the viseral layer of serous pericardium
- heart
- makes up the external later of the heart wall
- Epicardium
Pericardiacophrenic artery
-branch off the internal thoracic artery that supplies the pericardium
Pericardiacophrenic veins
drains the blood of the pericardium
what innervates the pericardium
- Vagus Nerve (PNS)
- phrenic nerve
- Sympathetic trunks
Myocardium
thick middle layer of the heart composed of cardiac
Endocardium
thin internal layer or lining membrane
apex of the heart
formed by the inferolateral part of the left ventricle
base of the heart
formed mainly by the left atrium
What are the four surfaces of the heart
- anterior surface (mainly right ventricle)
- diaphragmatic surface (mainly left ventricle)
- left pulmonary surface (this surface cause the cardiac impression on the left lung
- right pulmonary surface (right atrium)
Right atrium
- Right auricle
- Pectinate muscles
- opening of the Superior vena cava, Inferior vena cava and Coronary sinus
- Interatrial septum
Interatrial septum
-seperating the two atrium
oval fossa= oval depression of a hole that was there in fetus
Right ventricle
- Trabeculae Carneae
- Tricuspid valve
- Tendionus Cords (Chordae Tendineae)
- Papillary Muscles
- Right AV ofice
Tricuspid value
- guards the right AV orifice
- the tendonius cords come off the cusps and attach to the papillary muscles
The av orifice
where the right ventricle recieves blood from the right atrium, where the tricuspid valve is located
papillary muscles
-they pull and tighten the tendinous cords and draw in the cusps
interventricular (IV) septum
-meatly muscle in between the right and left ventricle
Pulmonary valve
- at the base of the pulmonary trunk
- semilunar valve
left atrium
- valveless pulmonary veins enter
- pectinate muscles
- auricle
left ventricle
- bicupsid valve at the left av orifice
- walls thicker here
- walls covered in trabeculae carneae
- aortic vestibule
- papillary muscles
aortic vesticule
- left ventricle
- leading to the aortic orifice and aortic valve
What are the two branches of the coronary artery
- Right coronary artery (arises from right aortic sinus)
- Left coronary artery (arises from left aortic sinus)
Two branches of the right coronary artery
- right marginal branch
- posterior interventricular artery
Two branches of the left coronary artery
- anterior interventricular artery (at apex in anastomoses with posterior interventricular artery)
- circumflex branch (which branches into the left marginal artery
What parts of the heart does the right coronary artery supply
- Right atrium
- most of the right ventricle
- part of the left ventricle
- part of the IV septum
what parts of the heart does the left coronary artery supply
- left atrium
- most of left ventricle
- parts of the right ventricle
What is the venous drainage of the heart
Coronary sinus, which is where all the veins on the heart drain into to
What veins drains into the coronary sinus
- great cardiac vein
- middle cardiac vein
- small cardiac vein
- (left posterior ventricular and left margial vein)
What veins runs with posterior interventricular branch artery?
middle cardiac vein
What vein runs with the right coronary artery
small cardiac vein
what vein runs with the anterior interventricular branch artery
great cardiac vein
What are the branches off the aortic arch from left to right
- brachiocephalic trunk (right subclavian, right common carotid)
- left common carotid
- left subclavian
SA Node
-conducting system of the heart
-initiates and regulates the impulses for contraction
“Pacemaker of the heart”
-sends message to AV node
AV node
- conducting system of the heart
- distributes the signal to the ventricles through AV bundle
innervation of the heart
- cardiac plexus
- sympathetic supply of the heart increases the heart rate
- parasympathetic decreases the heart rate (Vagus Nerve)
referred pain of the heart
-phenomenon where noxious stimuli originating in the heart are perceived by the person as pain arising from the superficial part of the body.
ligamentum arteriosum
-between aortic arch and left pulmonary artery
Ovale fossa
- between the right and left atrium
- ductus arteriosus
