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Gross Anatomy: Unit Three. > organs and abdominal cavity > Flashcards

organs and abdominal cavity Flashcards

1
Q

Contents of the posterior mediastinum

A
  • thoracic aorta
  • thoracic duct
  • azygos and hemi-azygo veins
  • esophagus
  • esophagus plexus
  • sympathetic trunks and nerves
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2
Q

Contents of superior mediastinum

A
  • superior vena cava
  • brachiocephalic vein
  • aortic arch
  • thoracic duct
  • trachea
  • esophagus
  • thymus
  • vagal nerves
  • left recurrent laryngeal nerve
  • phrenic nerve
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3
Q

Azygo vein

A
  • drains the back and thoracoabdominal wall

- gives rise to the hemi-azygos vein

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4
Q

four divisions of anterior mediastinum

A
  • anterior
  • posterior
  • superior
  • middle
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5
Q

Middle mediastinum contents

A
  • percardium and heart
  • roots of great vessels
  • arch of azygos veins
  • mainstem bronchi
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6
Q

Thoracic Duct

A
  • conveys most of lymph of body to the venous system
  • empties into the venous system near the union of the left internal jugular and subclavian vein (the left venous angle)

-runs from cisterna chyli

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7
Q

Right vagus nerve gives rise to?

A
  • right recurrent laryngeal nerve (supplies the larynx)
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8
Q

what do the branches of right vagus nerve do?

A
  • Contribute to the pulmonary plexus
  • then continue singly to the Esophagus
  • where it branches again to the Esophageal plexus
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9
Q

What does the left vagus nerve give rise to?

A

-left recurrent laryngeal nerve

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10
Q

Left vagus gives branches to what?

A
  • pulmonary plexus and cardiac plexus

- continues singley to join the right vagus nerve in the esophageal plexus

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11
Q

Carina

A
  • cartiladge “C” shaped

- rings of the trachea

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12
Q

Esophagus wheres it run?

A

from pharynx to stomach

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13
Q

arcute line

A
  • line on the posterior side of rectus abdominis

- shows the end of rectus sheath and the beginning of the transversails fascia

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14
Q

liver

A
  • largest organ and largest gland
  • major lymph producing organ
  • two lobes (right and left)
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15
Q

Round ligament

A
  • “ligamentum teres”

- at the bottom of the falciform ligament

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16
Q

Falciform ligament

A

-between the right and left lobes

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17
Q

Gall Bladder

A

-the bile that is produced in the liver is stored in the gall bladder

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18
Q

What does bile do

A

-emulsifies the fat so it can be absorbed later in the distal intestine

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19
Q

How the bile gets to the duodenum

A
  • cystic duct from gall bladder joins with the common hepatic duct from the liver
  • they make the bile duct that goes to the duodenum
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20
Q

esophagus

A
  • passes through the esophageal hiatus of the diaphragm

- ends at esophagogastric junction (Stomach)

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21
Q

esophagus arterial supply

A

Esophageal branches of the left gastric artery

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22
Q

Vein drainage of the esophagus

A

-left gastric vein

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23
Q

Stomach

A
  • food blender and acidic mechanical digestion

- four parts and two curvatures

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24
Q

the four parts of the stomach

A
  • cardia
  • body
  • fundus
  • pyloric
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25
Q

Stomach vein and artery supply

A
  • Artery: Right and left gastric artery with the right and left gastro-omental artery
  • Vein: Portal System
26
Q

Innervation of the Stomach

A

Parasympathetic: Anterior Vagal Trunk
Sympathethetic: T6-T9 segments of the spinal cords

27
Q

Spleen

A

-left upper quadrant
-has a hilum where the splenic artery branches and veins enter and exit
innervated by branches of the celiac plexus
-functions in producing blood cells

28
Q

Three parts of the small intenstine

A
  • Duodenum
  • Jejunum
  • Ileum
29
Q

Duodenum

A
  • begins at the pylorus and ends at the duodenojejunal junction
  • Superior Mesenteric Artery
  • Drained by the portal vein
  • Vagus N and Greater & Lesser Splanchic N
30
Q

Jejunum

A
  • Runs from the duodenojejunal junction to the first part of the ileum
  • Supplied by Superior Mesenteric Artery and Vein
31
Q

Ileum

A
  • Runs from the jejunum to the ileocecal junction

- Supplied by the superior mesenteric artery and vein

32
Q

The sympathetic innervation for small intestine is what

A

stops digestion for fight or flight

33
Q

the parasympathetic innervation for the small intestine is what

A

increases digestion

34
Q

What makes up the large intenstine

A
  • appendix
  • cecum
  • colon
  • rectum
  • anal canal
35
Q

Cecum

A
  • the ileum goes into the cecum through the ileal orifice

- Superior Mesenteric Artery and vein

36
Q

Appendix

A
  • comes of the posteriomedial ascept of the cecum

- Superior Mesenteric Artery and Vein

37
Q

What are the four parts of the colon

A
  • Ascending
  • Transverse
  • Decending
  • Sigmoid
38
Q

Ascending colon

A

-Superior Mesenteric Artery, Vein, and Plexus

39
Q

Transverse colon

A
  • largest most moblie

- Superior Mesenteric Artery and Vein

40
Q

Decending Colon

A

-Inferior Mesenteric Artery and Vein

41
Q

Sigmoid

A
  • “S-shaped”

- inferior mesenteric artery and vein

42
Q

Small Intensine function

A

absorb nutrients and minerals

43
Q

Large intestine function

A

finishes digestion

44
Q

Rectum

A
  • begins at rectosigmoid junction and ends at anal canal

- Inferior mesenteric artery and vein

45
Q

The two flexures of the large intenstine

A

RIght Colic Flexure

Left Colic Flexure

46
Q

Pancreas

A
  • accessory digestive gland
  • Pancreatic arteries (branch of Splenic Artery)
  • Pancreatic Veins
47
Q

Kidneys

A
  • removes excess water, salts, and wastes from the blood and puts into the urine
  • Renal artery and Veins (more anterior)
48
Q

Renal Hilum

A

entrance to the kidney

49
Q

Ureter

A
  • Carry urine from kidney to the urinary bladder

- explained end at kidneys is the renal pelvis

50
Q

Suprarenal glands

A
  • two parts: cortex and medulla
  • secretes norepinephrine and epinephrine
  • Suprarenal artery (branch of renal artery)
  • Suprarenal vein (Left goes to renal, right goes to the IVC)
51
Q

Peritoneum

A

-glistening, transparent membrane that has two layers: partietal and visceral

52
Q

What organs are in the pertoneal cavity

A

NONE

53
Q

Mesentary

A

double layer of peritoneum which provides neurovascular communication

54
Q

Pertoneal ligament

A

helps connect organs to other organs

55
Q

What attached the left colic flexture to the diaphragm

A

Phrenicocolic ligament

56
Q

Omentum

A

double layered entension of peritoneum passing from stomach to below

57
Q

Greater omentum

A

from greater curve of stomach to the duodenum

58
Q

Lesser omentum

A

lesser curve to duodenum to the liver

59
Q

Bare areas on the organs

A

allows the entrance and exit of neurovascular structures

60
Q

Above the line to the left colic flexture innervation

A

SNS: thoracic splanchic t5-12
PNS: Vagus nerve CNX

Remember duodenum here not the rest

61
Q

Below the colic flexture innervation

A

SNS: lumbar splanchic
PNS: pelvic splanchic nerve s2-4

Remember this section includes jejunum and ileum

62
Q

Lumbar splanchic

A

Supplies the sympathetic below he left colic flexture

Gross Anatomy: Unit Three. (8 decks)

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