organs and abdominal cavity Flashcards
Contents of the posterior mediastinum
- thoracic aorta
- thoracic duct
- azygos and hemi-azygo veins
- esophagus
- esophagus plexus
- sympathetic trunks and nerves
Contents of superior mediastinum
- superior vena cava
- brachiocephalic vein
- aortic arch
- thoracic duct
- trachea
- esophagus
- thymus
- vagal nerves
- left recurrent laryngeal nerve
- phrenic nerve
Azygo vein
- drains the back and thoracoabdominal wall
- gives rise to the hemi-azygos vein
four divisions of anterior mediastinum
- anterior
- posterior
- superior
- middle
Middle mediastinum contents
- percardium and heart
- roots of great vessels
- arch of azygos veins
- mainstem bronchi
Thoracic Duct
- conveys most of lymph of body to the venous system
- empties into the venous system near the union of the left internal jugular and subclavian vein (the left venous angle)
-runs from cisterna chyli
Right vagus nerve gives rise to?
- right recurrent laryngeal nerve (supplies the larynx)
what do the branches of right vagus nerve do?
- Contribute to the pulmonary plexus
- then continue singly to the Esophagus
- where it branches again to the Esophageal plexus
What does the left vagus nerve give rise to?
-left recurrent laryngeal nerve
Left vagus gives branches to what?
- pulmonary plexus and cardiac plexus
- continues singley to join the right vagus nerve in the esophageal plexus
Carina
- cartiladge “C” shaped
- rings of the trachea
Esophagus wheres it run?
from pharynx to stomach
arcute line
- line on the posterior side of rectus abdominis
- shows the end of rectus sheath and the beginning of the transversails fascia
liver
- largest organ and largest gland
- major lymph producing organ
- two lobes (right and left)
Round ligament
- “ligamentum teres”
- at the bottom of the falciform ligament
Falciform ligament
-between the right and left lobes
Gall Bladder
-the bile that is produced in the liver is stored in the gall bladder
What does bile do
-emulsifies the fat so it can be absorbed later in the distal intestine
How the bile gets to the duodenum
- cystic duct from gall bladder joins with the common hepatic duct from the liver
- they make the bile duct that goes to the duodenum
esophagus
- passes through the esophageal hiatus of the diaphragm
- ends at esophagogastric junction (Stomach)
esophagus arterial supply
Esophageal branches of the left gastric artery
Vein drainage of the esophagus
-left gastric vein
Stomach
- food blender and acidic mechanical digestion
- four parts and two curvatures
the four parts of the stomach
- cardia
- body
- fundus
- pyloric
Stomach vein and artery supply
- Artery: Right and left gastric artery with the right and left gastro-omental artery
- Vein: Portal System
Innervation of the Stomach
Parasympathetic: Anterior Vagal Trunk
Sympathethetic: T6-T9 segments of the spinal cords
Spleen
-left upper quadrant
-has a hilum where the splenic artery branches and veins enter and exit
innervated by branches of the celiac plexus
-functions in producing blood cells
Three parts of the small intenstine
- Duodenum
- Jejunum
- Ileum
Duodenum
- begins at the pylorus and ends at the duodenojejunal junction
- Superior Mesenteric Artery
- Drained by the portal vein
- Vagus N and Greater & Lesser Splanchic N
Jejunum
- Runs from the duodenojejunal junction to the first part of the ileum
- Supplied by Superior Mesenteric Artery and Vein
Ileum
- Runs from the jejunum to the ileocecal junction
- Supplied by the superior mesenteric artery and vein
The sympathetic innervation for small intestine is what
stops digestion for fight or flight
the parasympathetic innervation for the small intestine is what
increases digestion
What makes up the large intenstine
- appendix
- cecum
- colon
- rectum
- anal canal
Cecum
- the ileum goes into the cecum through the ileal orifice
- Superior Mesenteric Artery and vein
Appendix
- comes of the posteriomedial ascept of the cecum
- Superior Mesenteric Artery and Vein
What are the four parts of the colon
- Ascending
- Transverse
- Decending
- Sigmoid
Ascending colon
-Superior Mesenteric Artery, Vein, and Plexus
Transverse colon
- largest most moblie
- Superior Mesenteric Artery and Vein
Decending Colon
-Inferior Mesenteric Artery and Vein
Sigmoid
- “S-shaped”
- inferior mesenteric artery and vein
Small Intensine function
absorb nutrients and minerals
Large intestine function
finishes digestion
Rectum
- begins at rectosigmoid junction and ends at anal canal
- Inferior mesenteric artery and vein
The two flexures of the large intenstine
RIght Colic Flexure
Left Colic Flexure
Pancreas
- accessory digestive gland
- Pancreatic arteries (branch of Splenic Artery)
- Pancreatic Veins
Kidneys
- removes excess water, salts, and wastes from the blood and puts into the urine
- Renal artery and Veins (more anterior)
Renal Hilum
entrance to the kidney
Ureter
- Carry urine from kidney to the urinary bladder
- explained end at kidneys is the renal pelvis
Suprarenal glands
- two parts: cortex and medulla
- secretes norepinephrine and epinephrine
- Suprarenal artery (branch of renal artery)
- Suprarenal vein (Left goes to renal, right goes to the IVC)
Peritoneum
-glistening, transparent membrane that has two layers: partietal and visceral
What organs are in the pertoneal cavity
NONE
Mesentary
double layer of peritoneum which provides neurovascular communication
Pertoneal ligament
helps connect organs to other organs
What attached the left colic flexture to the diaphragm
Phrenicocolic ligament
Omentum
double layered entension of peritoneum passing from stomach to below
Greater omentum
from greater curve of stomach to the duodenum
Lesser omentum
lesser curve to duodenum to the liver
Bare areas on the organs
allows the entrance and exit of neurovascular structures
Above the line to the left colic flexture innervation
SNS: thoracic splanchic t5-12
PNS: Vagus nerve CNX
Remember duodenum here not the rest
Below the colic flexture innervation
SNS: lumbar splanchic
PNS: pelvic splanchic nerve s2-4
Remember this section includes jejunum and ileum
Lumbar splanchic
Supplies the sympathetic below he left colic flexture
