Tuesday Lecture 6/2 Flashcards
What is the abdominal cavity bounded by?
- abdominal walls
- diaphragm
- pelvis
The five muscles in the anterolateral abdominal wall
Three Flat Muscles: -External oblique -Internal oblique -transverse abdominis Two vertical muscles: -rectus abdominis -pyramidalis
External oblique origin
- superficial layer
- external surfaces of the 5th and 12th ribs
what is the inguinal ligament?
-the external oblique’s inferior margin is thickened as an undercurving fibrous band that spans between the anterior superior iliac spine and the pubic tubercle
external oblique insertion
linea alba
pubic tubercle
anterior half of iliac crest
external oblique innervation
thoracoabdominal nerves (Anterior rami of T7-T11) and subcostal nerve
external oblique action
compress and support abdominal visera
flex opposite side and rotate trunk
internal oblique origin
- thoracodorsal fasica
- anterior two thirds of iliac crest
- connective tissue deep to inguinal ligament
internal oblique insertion
- inferior borders of 10th-12th ribs
- linea alba
- pubis via conjoint tendon
internal oblique innervation
- thoraco-abdominal nerve (anterior rami of T7-T11)
- Subcostal and fist lumbar nerve
interal oblique action
compress and support abdominal visera
flex and rotate trunk
transversus abdominis origin
- internal surfaces of 7th-12th costal cartilages
- thoracolumbar fasica
- iliac crest
- Connective tissue deep to inguinl ligament
transversus abdominis insertion
- linea alba wth aponerous of internal oblique
- public crest
- pubis vas conjoint tendon
transversus abdominis innervation
- thoraco-abdominal nerve (anterior rami of T7-T11)
- Subcostal and fist lumbar nerve
transversus abdominis action
compresses and supports abdominal viscera
Rectus abdominis origin
public symphysis and public crest
Rectus abdominis insertion
xiphoid procress and 5th-7th costal cartiladges
Rectus abdominis innervation
-Thoraco-abdominal and subcostal nerves
Rectus abdominis action
- Flexes trunk and compresses abdominal viscera
- Stablizes and controls tilt of pelvis
Pyramidalis
- small triangular muscle
- absent in 20% of people
- Arise from the pubic crest
- Attaches along the linea alba
Borders of the superior thoracic aperture
Posterior: T1 vertebrae
Laterally: first pair of ribs and their costal cartilages
Anteriorly: superior border of the manubrium
Thoracic inlet
What runs through the superior thoracic aperture?
Trachea, esophagus, vessels and nerves
inferior thoracic aperture borders
- posteriorly: T12 vertebrae
- posterolaterally: 11th and 12th pairs of ribs
- anteriorlaterally: the joined costal cartiladges of ribs 7-10 (forming the costal margin)
- anteriorly: xiphisternal joint
- thoracic outlet
What is important about the inside of a rib bone?
-its spongy and contains bone marrow which forms blood cells
True ribs
- Vertebrosternal
- 1st-7th ribs
- attach directly to the sternum anteriorly with there own costal cartiladge
False Ribs
- Vertebrochondral
- 8th-10th ribs
- cartilages on their anterior ends join with the cartiladge of the rib just superior to them (so they indirectly connect to the sternum)
Floating Ribs
- Free
- 11th and 12th, sometimes the 10th too
- they do not connect directly or indirectly to the sternum
Parts of a typical rib
- 3rd-9th
- head, neck, tubercle. body
Atypical Rib: 1st
- board and shortest
- scalene tubercle
- articulates only with T1
Atypical Rib: 2nd
- thinner
- has attachments for serratus anterior and posterior scalenes
Atypical Rib: 10th-12th
-have only one facet on their heads
Atypical rib: 11-12
- have no neck or tubercles
- short
intervertebral joint type
symphysis
intervertebral joint articulations
adjacent vertebral bodies bounded tgether by iv disc
intervertebral joint ligament
anterior and posterior longitudinal
Costovertebral joints joint tye
plane synovial
Costovertebral joint articulation
head of each rib with costal facet (or demifacet) of the corresponding vertebral body
Costovertebral joint ligaments
-Radiate and intra-articular ligaments of head of rib
costotransverse joint ligament
lateral and superiorr costotransverse
costotranverse joint articulations
articulation of tubercle of rib with transverse process of corresponding vertebra
costotransverse joint type
synoival plane
Sternocostal joint type
1st: primary cartiladges
2nd-7th: synovial plane
Sternocostal joint articulations
1st rib: with the costal cartiladge and manubrium
2nd-7th: with the costal cartiladge and sternum
Sternocostal joint ligament
anterior and posterior radiate sternocostal
sternoclavicular joint ligaments
- anterior and posterior sternoclavicular ligaments
- costoclavicular ligament
sternoclavicular articulations
sterno end of the clavicle with manubrium and first costal cartiladge
sternoclavicular joint type
saddle synovial
Costochondral joint type
primary cartiladgionous joint
costochondral joint articulations
lateral end of costal cartiladge with sternal end of rib
costochondral joint ligaments
cartilage and bone: bound together by periosteum
interchondral joint type
synoival plane
interchondral joint articulations
costal cartiladge of 6th-7th, 7th-8th and 8th-9th ribs
interchondral joint ligament
interchondral ligaments
manubriosternal joint type
secondary catilaginous, symphysis
manubriosternal jint articulation and ligaments
- manubrium and body of sternum
- interchondral ligaments
xiphisternal joint type
primary cartilaginous joint, synchondrosis
xiphisternal joint articulations and ligaments
- xiphoid and body of the sternum
- interchondral ligaments
external intercostal superior and inferior attachment
inferior border of ribs
superior border of ribs below
external intercostal innervation action
- intercostal nerve
- during forced inspiratio, elevates ribs
internal intercostal superior and inferior attachment
- inferior border of ribs
- superior border of ribs below
internal intercostal innervation and action
- intercostal nerve
- during forced respiration
innermost intercostal superior and inferior attachment
- inferior border of ribs
- superior border of ribs below
innermost intercostal innervation and action
- intercostal nerve
- during forced respiration
transversus thoracis superior attachment
posterior surface of lower sternum
transversus thoracis inferior attachment
internal surface of costal cartiladges 2-6
transversus thoracis innervation
intercostal nerve
transversus thoracis action
weakly depresses ribs
intercostal nerves:
- formed by anterior rami of T1-T11
- run the intercostal space between the parietal pleura and internal intercostal membrane
- gives rise to lateral cutaneous branches and anterior cutaneous branches
internal thoracic artery
- arise from the subclavan artery
- supplies part of the thoracic wall
- it branches as anterior intercostal arteries in the intercostal spaces 1-6
- it branches as muscolphrenic arteries in intercostal spaces 7-9
Anterior intercostals artery
comes from the internal thoracic artery in the intercostal space 1-6
posterior intercostals artery
supreme intercostal artery (branch of subclavian) and thoracic aorta
Musculophrenic arteries
branches of the internal thoracic in intercostal spaces 7-9
-supplies the diaphragm
Superior epigastric artery
- continuation of the internal thoracic artery
- enters the rectus sheath, supplies the upper part of rectus abdominis and anastomoses with inferior epigastric artery
inferior epigastric artery
- arises from the external iliac artery deep to the inguinal ligament
- it supplies the lower part of rectus abdominis and anastomses with superior epigastric artery
Linea alba
- the aponeuroses of the three anterior abdominal muscles interweave to form this
- runs from the xiphoid process to the public symphysis
Rectus Sheath
The aproneuroses from transversee abdominis, internal oblique and external oblique come together to form this
-it encloses rectus abdominis
Transversalis fasica
the fasica lining the deep surface of the tranverse abdominis muscle or aponeurosis
