lungs Flashcards
Pleural Sacs
- encloses each lung
- has two pleurae membranes
Visceral pleura
-covers the lungs and its adherent to all it surfaces
Parietal pleura
-lines the pulmonary cavities, adhering to the thoracic wall, the mediastinum and the diaphrahm
Pleural cavity
- potential space between the viseral and parietal pleura
- where pleural fuild is
The four parts of parietal pleura
- costal
- mediastinal
- diaphragmatic
- cervical
Innervated by posterior and anterior intercostals
Costal Part of Parietal pleura
-covers the internal surfaces of the thoracic wall (its seperated from the wall by endothoracic fascia)
Mediastinal part of Parietal pleura
covers the lateral aspects of the mediastinum
Diaphragmatic part of Parietal pleura
covers the surperior surface of the diaphragm o each side of the mediastinum
cervical pleura
- extends through the superior thoracic aperture
- forms a cup-shaped dome over the apex of the lung
three surfaces of the lungs
- costal surface:
- mediastinal surface:
- diaphragmatic surface
three borders of the lungs
anterior border
inferior border
posterior border
the apex of the lungs
- blunt superior end of lung, above the 1st rib into the root of the neck
- covered by cervical pleura
horizontal and oblique fissures
-divided the lungs into lobes
Right lung
- has three lobes
- larger and heavier
Left lung
has two lobes and cardic notch
hilum of the lung
-area on the medial surface of each lung at whcih the structures forming the root enter and leave the lung
What innervates the lungs?
Vagus nerve
-provides motor to the smooth muscles of the bronchial tree
What is the root of the lung?
structures entering and emerging from the lung
What artery supplies the lungs
-Brachial artery
(Right one rises from superior posterior intercostal artery, left one rises from thoracic artery
Vein drainage of the lungs
The right brachial vein drain into the Azygos vein, the left brachial vein drains into accessory hemi-azygo vein
Flow of air
- Trachea
- Two main Bronchi
- Lobar Bronchi
- Segmental Bronchi
- Terminal Bronchi
- Alveolar Ducts
- Alveolar Sacs
What is respiration?
exchange of oxygen and carbon dixoide
what is ventilation?
movement of gas or air into and out of the lungs
