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This is fun > Tues > Flashcards

Tues Flashcards

1
Q

large vessel atherosclerosiss stroke

A

carotid artery stenosis
atherosclerosis then goes to smaller cerebral artery

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2
Q

causes of ischeamic stroke

A

large vessel atherosclerosis

cardio embolic

15% of strokes are haemorrhagic.

rare- vasculitis

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3
Q

cardio embolic stroke

A

atrial fibrillation there is stasis of blood flow in the left atrium

so thrombus in LA then goes to brain

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4
Q

Haemorrhagic stroke

A

rupture of a cerebrospinal artery.

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5
Q

total anterior circulation infarct (TACI)

A

A TACI involves the anterior AND middle cerebral arteries on the affected side

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6
Q

total anterior circulation infarct symptoms

A

Contralateral hemiplegia/hemiparesis, AND

Contralateral homonymous hemianopia, AND

Higher cerebral dysfunction (e.g. aphasia, neglect)

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7
Q

partial anterior circulation infarct (PACI)

A

anterior OR middle cerebral artery on the affected side.

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8
Q

partial anterior circulation infarct symptoms

A

Contralateral hemiplegia or hemiparesis, AND

Contralateral homonymous hemianopia

OR

higher cerebral dysfunction ONLY

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9
Q

lacunar infarct (LACI)

A

small deep perforating arteries, supplying internal capsule or thalamus.

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10
Q

lacunar infarct symptoms

A

pure motor stroke, pure sensory stroke, sensorimotor stroke, ataxic hemiparesis or dysarthria-clumsy hand syndrome.

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11
Q

posterior circulation infarct (POCI)

A

vertebrobasilar arteries and associated branches (supplying the cerebellum, brainstem, and occipital lobe).

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12
Q

posterior circulation infarct symptoms

A

Cerebellar dysfunction, OR
Conjugate eye movement disorder-can’t move eyes together

OR
Bilateral motor/sensory deficit, OR
Ipsilateral cranial nerve palsy with contralateral motor/sensory deficit, OR
Cortical blindness/isolated hemianopia.

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13
Q

posterior stroke syndromes

A

basilar artery occlusion

Anterior inferior cerebellar artery

Wallenberg’s syndrome

Weber’s syndrome/medial midbrain syndrome

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14
Q

Anterior inferior cerebellar artery

A

lateral pontine syndrome

pontine cranial nerve nuclei.

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14
Q

Basilar artery occlusion

A

locked in syndrome (quadriparesis/both arms and legs with preserved consciousness and ocular movements), loss of consciousness, or sudden death.

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15
Q

Wallenberg’s syndrome

A

lateral medullary syndrome) causes ipsilateral Horner’s syndrome,

ipsilateral loss of pain and temperature sensation on the face,

and contralateral loss of pain and temperature sensation over the contralateral body.

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16
Q

Weber’s syndrome/medial midbrain syndrome

A

paramedian branches of the upper basilar and proximal posterior cerebral arteries): causes an ipsilateral oculomotor nerve palsy and contralateral hemiparesis.

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17
Q

acute stroke management

A

Alteplase (tissue plasminogen activator) within 4.5 hours of symptom onset and with no contraindications to thrombolysis

Mechanical Thrombectomy can be performed in patients with anterior circulation strokes and some post

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18
Q

contraindications to thrombolysis

A

recent head trauma, GI or intracranial haemorrhage, recent surgery, acceptable BP, platelet count, and INR >1.7

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19
Q

ipsilateral carotid artery stenosis more than 50%

A

carotid endarterectomy.

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20
Q

chronic stroke management

A

lower hypertension 2 weeks post

Clopidogrel 75 mg

high dose atorvastatin 20-80

21
Q

ischaemic stroke secondary to atrial fibrillation chronic stroke management

A

warfarin (target INR 2-3. or a direct oral anticoagulant (such as Rivaroxaban or Apixiban) 2 weeks post-stroke.

22
Q

Haemophillia A which clotting factor

A

8

23
Q

right sided inferior homonymous quadrantanopia - in stroke affects what

A

left parietal lobe

24
Q

Left temporal lobe stroke causes what optic symptom

A

right sided superior homonymous hemianopia

25
Q

Damage to the left occipital lobe causes what

A

Right sided homonymous hemianopia with macular sparing

26
Q

C. diff infection symptoms

A

gram-positive

watery diarrhoea
abdominal cramps
nausea,
dehydration
fever
weight loss

27
Q

C. diff complications

A

toxic megacolon
pseudomembranous colitis

28
Q

C diff management

A

Oral vancomycin

2nd- fidaxomicin

3rd - oral vancyomycin +/- IV metronidazole

29
Q

when contraception after pregnancy

A

after 3 weeks

30
Q

Diaphragm post delivery

A

6 weeks after

31
Q

Intrauterine contraception post delivery

A

right after delivery or 4 weeks after

32
Q

Progestogen-only contraception post delivery

A

can be started anytime

33
Q

Combined hormonal contraception (CHC) (e.g. the combined oral contraceptive pill, patch or vaginal ring) post delivery

A

3 weeks after if have no risk of VTE

6 weeks if breastfeeding

34
Q

Lactational amenorrhoea

A

when can’t get pregnant for 6 months post delivery if fully breastfeeding and no periods

35
Q

NSAIDS and pregnancy

A

teratogenic

risk of premature closure of foetal ductus arteriosus in utero

resistant pulmonary hypertension of the newborn

delayed onset of labour

36
Q

Cyclical mastalgia

A

sore boobs

37
Q

trastuzumab side effects

A

for breast cancer

cardiac function

38
Q

risks of COCP

A

stroke

migranes

39
Q

Decompressive hemicraniectomy for stroke

A

less than 60 years old

reduced consciousness,

CT-defined infarct of at least 50% of the middle cerebral artery territory

40
Q

mania treatment when patient has depression

A

stop antidepressant and start antipsycotic

41
Q

antipsycotics

A

haloperidol

olanzapine

quetiapine

risperidone

42
Q

what does cocaine cause

A

anxiety

diarrhoea

hypertensoin

heart problems

43
Q

what is used in a colposcopy procedure are taken up by abnormal cervical cells to enhance their appearance

A

Acetic acid- makes abnormal cells look white instead of pink

44
Q

local anaesthetic for cervical biopsy

A

Lidocaine

45
Q

medication for MS for spasticity

A

baclofen

46
Q

MS

A

chronic, inflammatory, autoimmune disease of the central nervous system, characterised by the demyelination and axonal loss of neurons

47
Q

acute management of MS

A

Glucocorticoids

1g of intravenous methylprednisolone 3 days OR

plasma exchange

48
Q

chronic management for spasticity for MS

A

Baclofen

49
Q

wilsons disease

A

copper accumulation in liver and brain

ATP7B gene

50
Q

wilsons disease
serum vs urine

A

high urine
low serum copper

51
Q

wilsons disease management

A

Chelators
D-penicillamine/ trientine

zinc salts
induce metallothioneins, promoting a negative copper balance and reducing free plasmatic copper.

This is fun (6 decks)

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