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Fri Flashcards

1
Q

tinea unguium

A

nail infection

ringworm

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2
Q

tinea corporis

A

ringworm of body

patches of round red on anterior body

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3
Q

treatment of tinea

A

antifungal

clotrimazole

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4
Q

treatment for tinea capitis and if tinea with oncholysis

A

terbinafine - first line

itraconazole

systemic

both contraindicated in autoimmune diseases

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5
Q

vaso occlusive crisis

A

sickle cell disease

can be precipitated by infection, dehydration, hypoxia

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6
Q

shingles treatment

A

paracetamol, ibuprofen

gabapentin- 2nd line

amitriptyline/ duloxetine

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7
Q

what does wallenberg syndrome affect

A

lateral medulla

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8
Q

which artery does wallenberg syndrome occlude

A

posterior inferior cerebellar artery

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9
Q

wallenberg syndrome symptoms and why?

A

horners syndrome
ipsilateral loss of pain and temperature of face and contralateral of body

hoarse voice
dysphagia
change in taste sensation

cranial nerves 9 and 10
vagus and glossopharyngeal

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10
Q

Horner’s syndrome

A

partial ptosis

miosis- constricted pupils

facial anhidrosis- loss of sweating

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11
Q

webers syndrome which arteries

A

upper basilar and proximal posterior cerebral

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12
Q

webers syndrome symptoms

A

ipsilateral occulomotor palsy and contralateral hemiparesis

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13
Q

basilar artery occulsion symptoms

A

quadriparesis - locked in syndrome

eyes fine

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14
Q

red flag for anorexia nervosa

A

sit-up–squat–stand (SUSS) test

inability to stand up from a chair without using their hands

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15
Q

nephritic syndrome symptoms

A

sudden haematuria

oedema

hypertension

can be post strep throat

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16
Q

most common type of delusion seen in mania

A

grandiose

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17
Q

Nihilistic delusions

A

think they are dead or don’t exist

low mood

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18
Q

somatic delusion

A

believe something is medically /physically wrong with them

psychosis

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19
Q

delusions of control

A

believe someone else is controlling their thoughts or actions

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20
Q

Lactational breast abscess

A

mastitis but has a fluctuant mass

staph aures

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21
Q

Pityriasis rosea

A

xmas tree pattern of rash

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22
Q

Lactational breast abscess treatment

A

Incision and drainage or needle aspiration

antibiotics

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23
Q

breast screening

A

every 3 years

50-70

non binary who still have breasts

trans women taking hormones

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24
Q

placental abruption symptoms

A

painful vaginal bleeding

hard/woody, tender uterus

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25
Q

placental abruption

A

pre mature separation of placenta from uterine wall resulting in haemorrhage

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26
Q

placental abruption treatment

A

delivery- spontaneous or c section

induction of labour if no maternal or foetal comprimise

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27
Q

if rhesus D negative

A

give anti D

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28
Q

induction of labour

A

prostaglandins inserted into vagina using gel or pessary

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29
Q

full term

A

37 weeks

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30
Q

Placenta praevia symptom

A

painless bleeding

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31
Q

Pelvic Inflammatory Disease
organisms

A

STI spreads from vagina up

chlamydia trachomatis
neisseria gonorrhoeae

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32
Q

Pelvic Inflammatory Disease symptoms

A

Bilateral abdominal pain

Vaginal discharge

Post-coital bleeding

some RUQ pain - spread to liver
fitz high curtis syndrome

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33
Q

treatment of pelvic inflammatory disease

A

Ceftriaxone (given intramuscularly) + doxycycline + metronidazole

Ofloxacin + metronidazole

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34
Q

endometriosis

A

growth outside uterine cavity

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35
Q

endometriosis symptoms and signs

A

Dysmenorrhoea- painfull periods

Dyspareunia- painful sex

Subfertility

Cyclical rectal bleeding, if endometrium-like tissue grows outside the female reproductive system

palpable tender nodular masses

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36
Q

endometriosis management

A

NSAIDS, paracetamol

COCP
medroxyprogesterone acetate (progesterone)
gonadotrophin-releasing hormone agonists

surgery

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37
Q

which contraceptions prevent ovulation

A

COCP

mini pill- progesterone only

patch

implant

ring

38
Q

how do IUD’s work

A

prevent implantation

39
Q

which hormones in patch

A

oestrogen and progesterone

40
Q

which hormone in implant

A

progesterone

41
Q

which hormone in vaginal ring

A

oestrogen and progesterone

42
Q

pre-labour rupture of membranes symptoms

A

Foul-smelling or greenish amniotic fluid

Maternal fever

Reduced foetal movements

feeling that waters have broken but no contractions

43
Q

management of pre-labour rupture of membranes

A

induction of labour if doesn’t happen spontaneously in 24h

if infection then immediate induction

if low foetal heart beat then c section

44
Q

what confirms diagnosis of pre-labour rupture of membranes

A

actim PROM vaginal swab

detects insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1 (IGFBP-1) which is highter in amniotic fluid then blood

45
Q

narcoplexy

A

excessive sleepiness during the day

46
Q

DVLA and epilepsy 1 seizure

A

car/motorbike
6 months

bus/lorry
5 years

47
Q

DVLA and epilepsy 1+seizure

A

car/motorbike
1 year

bus/lorry
10 year

48
Q

bad prognosis in hodgkins

A

ESR >50 mm/Hr without B symptoms
ESR > 30 mm/Hr with B symptoms
Age >50

49
Q

ovarian cancer marker

A

ca - 125

50
Q

menupause

A

when no period for a year

51
Q

perimenupausal medication

A

Oral sequential combined hormone replacement therapy

52
Q

breast lump found over 30

A

urgent referral

53
Q

Monozygotic twins

A

identical

fertilisation of one egg and one sperm

54
Q

Dichorionic and diamniotic

A

identical twins

2 different sacs

55
Q

Monochorionic and diamniotic

A

same outer sac, two inner sacs

identical twins

56
Q

Monochorionic and monoamniotic

A

same sacs

identical twins

highest risk

57
Q

Dizygotic twins

A

non identical twins

fertilisation of two different eggs with two different sperms

two separate outer and inner sacs

58
Q

ovarian cyst

A

cyst on ovary

most women get it once during lifetime

59
Q

ovarian cyst symptoms

A

asymptomatic

acute unilateral pain that starts during exercise

bleeding in peritoneum

60
Q

Ovarian torsion

A

sudden, severe pain
unilateral

nausea and vomiting.

61
Q

appendicitis

A

gradual pain

62
Q

diagnostic test for ovarian test

A

laparoscopy

63
Q

management for ovarian cyst

A

pain management

laporoscopy/laporotomy

64
Q

risk factors for c diff

A

being in hospital

older

antibiotics

65
Q

treatment for covid

A

dexamethasone adn remdesivir

66
Q

Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome (LEMS).

A

rare autoimmune disorder

autoantibodies that target pre-synaptic voltage-gated calcium channels

affecting neurotransmission

half related to small cell lung cancer

67
Q

Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome (LEMS) signs and symptoms

A

Limb weakness
proximal and symmetrical

orthostatic hypotension
impotence
dry mouth

no tendon reflexes

68
Q

Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome (LEMS) investigations

A

test for autoantibodies

nerve conduction studies- doubles muscle action potential after exercise

CXR - cancer

69
Q

Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome (LEMS) management

A

Amifampridine

70
Q

does meningitis cause confusion

A

no

71
Q

what is encephalitis caused by

A

herpes simplex t1

72
Q

fibrocystic disease of breast

A

most common benign

bilateral breast lumps and pain

cyclic and worse before period

supportive

73
Q

what to test for when got tb

A

HIV

74
Q

miscarriage

A

before 24 weeks

75
Q

Threatened miscarriage

A

cervix closed

painless bleeding

foetus heart beat present

early pregnancy

76
Q

inevitable misscarriage

A

heavy bleeding and pain

cervix open (inevitable as foetus will be lost)

77
Q

complete misscarrage

A

uterus empty

78
Q

missed miscarriage

A

foetus there but dead

doesn’t realise happened

79
Q

management of miscarriage

A

conservartive- wait to come out

misoprostol

dilation and curettage

80
Q

risk for breast cancer

A

late menopause and early periods

81
Q

what drugs worsen myasthenia gravis

A

beta blockers, antimalarials, lithium

82
Q

pyridostigmine

A

myasthenia gravis

anticholinesterase inhibitor

83
Q

depression management once symptoms better with meds

A

continue for another 6 months

84
Q

Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD)

A

prion disease

neuronal loss

85
Q

Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) symptoms

A

fast dementia

visual, ataxia
weakness

psych symptoms

limb jerks

86
Q

Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) diagnosis

A

tonsil or olfactory biopsy

EEG-sharp complexes

MRI

87
Q

lewy body dementia

A

third most common

parkinsonism

visual hallucinations

alpha synuclein/lewy bodies

88
Q

second most common dementia

A

vascular

89
Q

lewy body vs parkinsons

A

lewy body- if dementia and mov disorder within a year of each other

parkinsons- if a year apart

90
Q

Fronto-temporal dementia

A

behaviour change - repetitive checking behaviour

dementia

speech affected

91
Q

Fronto-temporal dementia causes/RF

A

repetitive head injury

picks bodies (TAU protein stain silver that don’t stain silver in alzheimer)

This is fun (6 decks)

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