Tudors - Edward and Somerset Flashcards
When was the Third Succession Act made?
1543
What was the Third Succession Act?
- Made by Henry in 1543
- Meant that when Henry died, Edward would become King and if Edward died without heirs the crown would go to Mary and then Elizabeth
What was the Regency Council?
- set up by Henry to for Edward as his was a minor
- it had 16 men, 8 catholics and 8 protestants to prevent conflict and create a balance for Edward
Who was in the Regency Council?
Edward Seymour (lord protector, Jane’s brother, reformist, Somerset)
John Dudley (2nd lord protector)
Thomas Cranmer (archbishop of Canterbury)
Paget (controlled who and what reached the King)
Wriothesley (Catholic)
Who was written out/ removed from the Regency Council?
Gardiner and Howard who were both catholic - created an imbalance
- Howard had been arrested and Gardiner was expelled from the Regency council
What were Seymour’s two changes to the Regency Council?
Council had full power and authority to take whatever action necessary for the good of the country while Edward was under 18
Council were allowed to give gifts and titles intended for people before Henry dies but had not been made official
Meant that:
Edward Seymour made himself Duke of Somerset and Lord Protector and to prevent opposition he gave titles and gifts to other councillors eg:
Dudley becomes Earl of Warwick
Thomas Seymour - Lord Seymour
Wriothesley - Earl of Southampton
What did Edward inherit (DRS) ?
D - debt - serious inflation and deficit
R - religious uncertainty - not clear how many were protestants
S - stability - privy council had established itself, less lawlessness
What was the royal injunction?
Where the Government began to review the state of the church through a royal visitation,which examined the clergy,the doctrine and the practices of the church.
When was the Book of homilies created?
1547
What was the Book of homilies?
A book of model sermons
When was the Chantries Act passed?
1547
What was the Chantries Act?
getting rid of people who prayed to the dead
When was the Treason Act repealed?
1547
What was the Treason Act?
Act where you could not challange the king
When was the six articles repealed?
1547
When was the Act of Uniformity passed?
1549
What was the Act of Uniformity
ordered clergy to use a number of protestant practices which had not been previously enforced.
When was first book of common prayer released?
1549
What did the first prayer book state?
Services in English (protestant) Sacraments (protestant) Communion in both kinds -bread and wine (protstant) Clerical marriage allowed (protestant) No prayers for the dead (protestant) Worship of saints discouraged (unclear) Purgatory (uncleaer) Transubstantiation (catholic) Traditional robes in church (catholic) Fast and holy days remained (catholic)
What does transubstantiation mean?
wine and bread become body and blood at communion
When did the Western rebellion take place?
June 1549
Where did the Western rebellion take place?
Devon and Cornwall
What caused the western rebellion of 1549?
- Resentment over actions of William body
- New book of common prayer in which the services were delivered in English
- Enclosure (loss of common land)
- Inflation
Order of Western Rebellion:
1-William Body arrives to oversee the destruction of images in Helston (Cornwall)
2-Body murdered (10 people hung) = resentment
3-Prayer book introduced and riots followed in Bodmin under Arundell
4-At Whitsun in Devon people rebelled after a new service was introduced and marched to Crediton where they joined Arundell
5-Carew sent in by Somerset and made things worse and accidentally burnt barns
Instead of marching to London the rebels captured Exeter and led to a siege over 6 weeks
7-Carew replaced with russell who only had a force of 100
8-By august further government forces arrived and relieved Exeter
9-Later in August the royal army then defeated the rebels who had regrouped at sampford Courtenay
What does debasement mean?
removing silver from coins
coins contained c92.5% silver, by 1551 this level was c22.5%
What does Heavy expenditure mean?
income did not meet the expenditure required
What is a Vagrant?
someone who does not have a home/job.They wonder trying to find work/money
What were the main social and economic issues from 1547-1553?
- Population rising
- inflation rising prices
- Enclosure
- Decline in living standards
- Poverty
- Poor harvest
- Debasement
What was the rise in population from 1525-1551?
2.3 million to 3 million
Why was infilation such a significant problem?
Price of food rose due to infilation and became a serious issue as there was bad harvest.Grain pieces rose even faster than meat,dairy or wool prices as grain was staple in diet.This caused many people to have food shortages which led to poor living conditions.
What is enclosure and why was it a issue?
It is when a fence is put up around common land.This was issue as it led to the common people not being able to graze.This lead to them not being able to work which caused unemployment and people not being able to earn money.
Why was Poverty and vagrancy an issue?
Because rent prices increased this meant some people could not pay them.This led to people becoming broke and in some cases homeless.
Why was debasement an issue?
I 1526 the coins obtained 92.5% silver by 1551 the level was 22.5%.This was an issue as it caused huge inflation problems.
What were the economic causes of Ketts rebellion?
Sheep tax Grazing Rent rises Price rises Enclosure Food Price rises
What were the social causes of Ketts rebellion?
Angry landlord
Angry gentry
Tension between gentry and peasant
What were the religious causes of Ketts rebellion?
More protestantism (more radical)
The story of Ketts rebellion?
- Resentment against the landlords because of enclosure, rack renting, and overstocking the grazing of animals.
- Protestant demands supported by their actions at mousehold heath where they brought in ministers who could preach
- Unlike the western rebellion the rebels’ demands did reflect their grievances.
- The kett rebellion started in July 1599.It took place in East Anglia.The leader was Robert Kett
- The community around Wymondham gathered at a drunken fear.The crowds broke down some enclosure fences , including those of a local lawyer, John Flowerdew.
- Kett asamebaled a force of 16,000 men who marched towards Norwich.They set up at mousehold and drew up a list of 29 demands
- Local forces were unable to disperse the rebels
- The rebellion forced the government to act and it sent 14000 troops under the Marquis of Northampton but were defeated
- The Earl of Warwick (later Northumberland) was then sent with 12,000 men, and eventually defeated Kett outside Norwich,
- Kett was tried for treason and was hanged on 26 November.with between 50 and 300 other men.
When and where did Ketts rebllion take place?
East Anglia/Norwich July 1549
When and where did Western rebellion take place?
Exeter /Devon/Cornwall June 1549
What is a proclamation?
A formal account of the monarch usually for war,peace or emergency measures to deal with a crisis.They have not been passed by parliament
When was the anti somerset faction created?
1549
Who did the anti Somerset faction consist of?
- John Dudley-Northumberland
- Paget
- Wriothesley (Catholic)
What happened in October 1549 that ended up with Somersert being arrested?
- 5th october = retreat to Hampton Court palace
- 6th october = Moved to Windsor castle with Edward
- Edward fell ill and complained about surroundings
- Edward abandoned Somerset as he felt prisoner
- Within a week Somerset was arrested
What were some of the reasons that Somerset fell from power?
Used his power incorrectly- ruined relationships with the poor
Did not listen to paget and his advice
His behavior (arrogance)
