Tubes and Ovaries Flashcards
surface inclusion cysts (ovary)
secondary to invagination of surface epith
highest proportion of ovarian benign and malig neoplasms
surface epithelial cells
follicle cysts (ovary)
arise from follicles undergoing atresia
often multiple
may rupture and cause abdominal pain
corpus luteum cysts (ovary)
self-explainatory
Theca lutein cyst (ovary)
cysts lined by overstimulated theca intern cells
PCOS
ovarian cystic follicles anovulation obesity hirsutism linked to insulin resistance Stein-Leventhal syndrome
stomal hyperplasia and hyperthecosis (ovaries)
postmen women
Sx sim to PCOS
uniform enlargement of both ovaries
hypercellular ovaries
Ovarian tumors
80% are benign malig more common in older women most are nonef(x) and bilateral risk: null or low parity / BRCA1/2 mutations OCs lower risk
malignant ovarian lesions
papillary projections and solid areas
can result in ascites
tumors grow slowly
CA-125 is a marker
Serous cystadenoma
benign serous tumor of the ovaries
lined by tall columnar serous sec cells
outer surface covered by mesothelial
abundant fibrous stroma = cystadenofibroma
most common ovarian cancer
serous cystadenoCa
most are bilateral
more than one layer of epith cells
contain psammoma bodies
mucinous ovarian tumors
benign: mucinous cystadenoma
malignant: mucinous cystadenocarcinoma
less often bilateral
often very large
complication: pseudomyxoma peritoneii
Endometrioid tumor of surface epith (ovary)
most are malig
sim to endothelial Ca
some pt may have endometriosis in the ovaries
Clear Cell AdenoCa (ovary)
variant of endometrioid Ca
hobnail type cells / large cells with clear cytoplasm
aggressive
Brenner Tumor (ovary)
xsitional cell tumor
most are benign
most common ovarian germ cell tumor
Dermoid cysts –> mature teratomas
rarely xsform
Immature teratoma (ovary)
malignant
children and young adults
solid / focal necrosis / hemorrhage
Struma ovarii
monodermal teratoma
comp entirely of thyroid tissue
Dysgerminoma (ovary)
always malig
often prod gonadotropins
sheets of cells sep by thin, fibrous septa that contains lymphocytes
Endodermal sinus tumor (ovary)
yolk sac tumor
malig and very aggressive
Schiller-Duval bodies –> have intracytopasmic hyalin droplets
droplets contain AFP and alpha-1- antitrypsin
Choriocarcinoma (ovary)
rare
prod HCG
sim to chorio of placental origin
more malig and widespread
Embryonal Ca (ovary)
solid / necrosis / hemorrhage
syncytiotrophoblast-like cells
elevated AFP and HCG
granulosa cell tumor (ovary)
most postmeno
lobulated gray-yellow color
Call-Exner bodies –> coffee bean nuclei
hyperestrinism –> endometrial hyperplasia or precocious puberty
Thecoma and Fibroma (ovary)
mostly in postmeno
fascicles of spindle cells; may contain fat
may see hyperestrinism
Meigs’ Syndrome
thecofibroma
ascites
right sided hydrothroax
Adroblastoma/Arrhenoblastoma (Sertoli-Leydig tumor) (ovary)
rare
25yo
resemble immature testes
15% are malig
Leydig Cell tumor
cells contain Reinke crystals
benign
Lipid cell tumor
1/4 malig
rare
virilizing
Gynandroblastoma
mix of granulosa and S-L cell tumor
virilizing
Sex-cord tumor with annular tubules
1/3 assoc w/ Peutz-Jegher
